Instrumentation

Introduction Particle size distribution (PSD) is a critical parameter in describing the characteristics of particulate materials. It represents the proportions of particles of various sizes within a sample. In industries such as pharmaceuticals, powder processing, and multiphase systems, PSD directly influences material properties, process efficiency, and product quality. Therefore, precise understanding and control of PSD—particularly […]

In this article, we will discuss the fundamental principles of passive input modules in Digital Input (DI) systems, specifically for Distributed Control Systems (DCS). The content will cover detailed explanations of the hardware, working process, connection methods, advantages, and common issues encountered in practical applications. 1. Core Definitions and Fundamental Differences A Passive Input (often

1. Pre-installation Preparations 1.1 Site Conditions The installation area must be dry, well-ventilated, and free from excessive dust, corrosive gases, or electromagnetic interference (e.g., from variable frequency drives or large motors). Temperature should range from 0°C to 40°C, and humidity should be between 5% and 95%, with no condensation. Ensure that the floor can support

In the commissioning of large-scale boiler inlet water flow meters at a major power plant in Jiangsu, China, the flow measurement taken from one of the three pressure tapping points consistently showed higher readings compared to the other two. Despite thorough checks on the instruments and installations, the cause of this abnormality could not be

Explosion protection levels are essential in ensuring safety in environments with flammable gases, vapors, or dust. The classification system defines the appropriate equipment and safety measures based on the characteristics of the hazardous environment. This article provides an in-depth look at explosion protection classifications, focusing on categories, temperature groups, explosion-proof methods, and marking systems. 1.

In the manufacturing industry, there exists a cross-industry analysis framework—Man (Human), Machine, Material, Method, and Environment—which serves not only as an essential quality management concept but also as a systematic approach for identifying issues, improving efficiency, and ensuring stable production. The five elements are dynamic, not static; they represent five dimensions of production activities, with

1. Reasons for Regular Calibration of Instrument Equipment Ensuring Measurement AccuracyInstruments in operation for extended periods may experience errors due to environmental factors, wear, or drift. Calibration helps correct these deviations, ensuring reliable data. Mitigating Safety RisksFor example, an inaccurate pressure transmitter may cause equipment to operate under excessive pressure or leak. Calibration is essential

Instrument tag numbers, often referred to simply as tag numbers, are unique identifiers assigned to instruments and devices used in industrial processes. They play a crucial role in system design, implementation, and maintenance by providing a consistent and logical means of identifying and referencing instruments in technical documentation, control systems, and field operations. Components of

During instrument installation, engineers often face environments unsuitable for safe equipment setup, such as explosive, flammable, cold, dusty, high-humidity, and regions with strong electrical or magnetic fields. In these environments, specific precautions must be taken to ensure safety and compliance. Installation in Toxic Environments When installing instruments in environments with toxic media, careful attention to

Limestone wet desulfurization technology has long been the mainstream in various industries, not only because the equipment is “robust” and efficient but also because it can maintain relatively stable performance under varying loads, coal qualities, and operating conditions. Engineers who only focus on surface-level processes, such as “spraying, reaction, and gypsum output,” may often be