PLC

In the field of industrial automation, the choice of signal transmission is crucial for ensuring accurate and reliable communication between sensors, controllers, and actuators. Among the various signal transmission methods available, the 4-20 mA current signal is widely preferred over voltage signals (such as 0-10V or 0-5V) due to several inherent advantages. This article explores […]

Pressure control is a critical aspect of industrial systems, particularly in processes involving fluids or gases. Safety valves, as integral components, ensure that systems operate within safe pressure limits. To fully understand how these devices function, it is essential to distinguish between three related but distinct parameters: set pressure, popping pressure, and relieving pressure. Each

In the process industry, it’s often difficult to fully understand the characteristics of the controlled systems. Building a strict mechanistic model is time-consuming and costly. To reduce operational costs and manage uncertainties, the industry heavily relies on feedback control. Feedback allows the system to remain stable in the face of external disturbances and internal fluctuations,

Introduction Advanced Process Control (APC) technology has been widely adopted in the refining industry but remains underutilized in many other sectors. Understanding how to optimize APC systems can help businesses maximize their return on investment (ROI) and achieve higher operational efficiency. In highly commoditized industries such as refining, competition is fierce, and companies often sell

Modbus is one of the most widely used communication protocols in industrial automation and control systems. Among its various implementations, Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) and Modbus TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) are two prominent options. While they serve similar purposes, they differ in their communication mechanisms, application scenarios, and performance characteristics. This article explores these

In academic circles, there is no specific algorithm formally defined as “advanced control.” Rather, the term broadly refers to any control strategy beyond the conventional PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) framework. In industrial practice, however, “advanced control” most commonly refers to Model Predictive Control (MPC). This article aims to revisit and clarify some common perceptions around advanced control

Implementing Safety Integrity Level 1 (SIL1) interlocks in a Distributed Control System (DCS) is a viable approach under specific conditions. SIL1, defined by the international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, represents the lowest level of safety integrity and is often used for processes where the risk reduction required is moderate. However, achieving compliance requires

In the process of selecting a frequency converter, the concepts of light load and heavy load are crucial. Proper understanding and distinction between these two load types are essential for choosing the right frequency converter. What is Light Load? In the electrical industry, light load refers to a situation where the electrical control components, under

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems play a critical role in modern industrial automation and control. These systems provide organizations with the tools to monitor, analyze, and control various industrial processes remotely or on-site. Widely utilized across industries such as energy, water management, manufacturing, and transportation, SCADA systems ensure operational efficiency, safety, and data-driven

Problem Definition:Oscillation in control systems typically indicates a problem in the control loop. In the case of level control, we are dealing with oscillation caused by improper PID parameters and insufficient material input. Specifically, in a level control system where the discharge flow is used to control the liquid level, inadequate material input coupled with