PLC

UPS stands for Uninterruptible Power Supply. It is an energy conversion system that provides continuous AC power to critical equipment during utility power interruptions by utilizing backup sources such as batteries. While UPS units are often referred to as power supplies, their core function is to enable seamless switching between two power sources to ensure […]

Short Answer: No – It is not recommended to run DI (Digital Input) and DO (Digital Output) signals through the same multi-core cable in a Safety Instrumented System (SIS). ✅ Key Reasons: Signal Interference Risk DO signals often drive inductive loads such as relays or contactors, which can generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) or back-emf. DI

Introduction The career of a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) engineer is like a compelling drama played out at the debugging station. Each project delivery is a duel between intelligence and challenge; each debugging session is a thoughtful response to customer needs; every acceptance test marks the realization of engineering value. On this stage, we are

1. Introduction: Simple Yet Powerful Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) control is a linear feedback control algorithm that calculates control output based on three terms: present error, accumulated error (integral), and rate of change of error (derivative). Its simple mathematical form has led to widespread adoption across industrial sectors and made it a classic subject for research, comparison,

Alarm management is a critical aspect of ensuring the safe and stable operation of Distributed Control Systems (DCS) in chemical and process industries. This document outlines key principles and best practices for alarm setpoint configuration, grading, and optimization based on industry standards and operational experience. 1. Alarm Setpoint Fundamentals Alarm values must be configured within

Introduction In the field of industrial automation, the choice of communication protocols is a key factor that affects production efficiency, equipment coordination, and system stability. With the continuous advancement of technology, industrial communication protocols have evolved into a variety of standards. Among them, PROFINET, Modbus, and EtherCAT are the most widely used protocols across industries.

Despite significant advancements in PID auto-tuning technology in both academic and commercial domains, its widespread adoption in real-world industrial process control—especially in process industries such as chemical, petrochemical, power, pharmaceuticals, and food—remains far below expectations. The underlying reasons are multifaceted and complex, spanning technical, operational, and cultural dimensions. 1. Process Complexity and Uncertainty ▸ Nonlinearity

Profinet is an advanced Industrial Ethernet standard widely used in automation systems to ensure reliable, real-time communication between various devices like controllers, sensors, actuators, and computers. It enables seamless integration of industrial networks by connecting different field devices and enabling high-speed data transfer. Profinet achieves this through three distinct communication modes: NRT (Non-Real-Time), RT (Real-Time),

1. Self-Locking 1.1 Definition Self-locking refers to a control mechanism where a circuit element (e.g., a button or relay) maintains its state after activation, even when the initial trigger is released. 1.2 Working Principle Self-locking is typically achieved by connecting a normally open auxiliary contact of a relay in parallel with the start button. When

In today’s industrial automation landscape, both Motion Controllers and PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) play critical roles. However, they are designed for very different purposes. Understanding the key differences between the two can help system integrators, engineers, and procurement professionals make smarter control system decisions. 🎯 What Is a PLC? A PLC is a digital computer