PLC

Introduction Nested control loops refer to scenarios where the activation of one control loop depends on another. In industrial process control, achieving specific operational objectives often requires the coordinated functioning of multiple control loops. Proper tuning of these loops must follow a defined sequence to ensure optimal performance. Establishing order through sequence is crucial—generally, the […]

Advanced control is often considered a more sophisticated control algorithm compared to PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control. However, the successful implementation of advanced control projects still relies on robust underlying PID control. For single-variable, strong-causality control problems, advanced control does not necessarily surpass PID control. While advanced control is known for solving complex multivariable coordination and optimization

In industrial automation, the design of instrumentation and control systems relies heavily on the proper configuration of sensors, switching signals, and actuators. Among the commonly used interface types, PNP signal output and relay output are two prevalent options. This article will explore the differences between PNP and relay outputs in terms of their definition, working

Introduction In modern industrial control and automation systems, efficient and reliable communication between devices is crucial. To ensure seamless interaction among various equipment, communication protocols play a fundamental role. One of the most widely adopted protocols in industrial automation is Modbus. First introduced in 1979 by Modicon (now a part of Schneider Electric), Modbus has

The configuration of alarm and interlock set points in storage tanks is a critical aspect of industrial process safety and efficiency. Understanding the relationship between these two parameters is essential for ensuring safe and reliable operations. This article will explore whether it is reasonable for the interlock set point to be lower than the alarm

The commissioning of a Distributed Control System (DCS) is a critical and complex task that requires careful preparation and attention to a number of factors. For a smooth and successful commissioning process, the following key conditions must be met: 1. Hardware Requirements 1.1. System Installation The DCS cabinets must be installed according to the design

Introduction A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a critical engineering document used to depict the mechanical, electrical, and instrumentation components of a process plant. It provides details on process flows, control loops, instrumentation, and equipment used in an industrial facility. In contrast, a Distributed Control System (DCS) Process Flow Diagram (DCS PFD) is designed

DCS: Distributed Control System – A control system distributed across multiple control devices or systems. PLC: Programmable Logic Controller – A ruggedized computer used for automation of industrial processes. HMI: Human Machine Interface – The user interface that allows humans to interact with machines. SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition – A system used to

Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are widely used in industrial automation, especially in sectors like chemical, power, oil, and gas industries. DCS systems are crucial for ensuring safe, efficient, and stable operation of complex industrial processes. Below is a ranking of some of the most popular DCS systems, along with their strengths and weaknesses. 1. Honeywell

1. Introduction The concept of Safety Integrity Level (SIL) is fundamental in functional safety, particularly in industries where safety-critical processes are involved. SIL1, the lowest safety integrity level as defined by IEC 61508/IEC 61511 standards, requires basic safety measures to mitigate risks of low-severity consequences. Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are primarily designed for process control