PLC

Explosion-proof equipment is essential in industries dealing with hazardous atmospheres to prevent accidents caused by explosive gases. Among the classifications for such equipment, ⅡC and ⅡB+H2 are two critical categories. Understanding their differences is vital to ensure safety and compliance with industry standards. Background on Explosion-Proof Classifications The classification of explosion-proof equipment is governed by […]

During a recent device debugging session, I encountered an unstable RS485 communication issue. It reminded me of a fundamental yet crucial point: why must the voltage of an RS485 signal be confined within the -7V to +7V range? Many people may know this as a requirement but may not fully understand the reasoning behind it.

Overloading phenomenon is a common issue in the batch material dispensing control process. Specifically, when the total dispensing amount reaches the preset value, the controller immediately sends a signal to close the valve. However, due to system lag and inertia, some fluid continues to flow towards the receiving end, causing the final dispensing amount to

Pulse signals play a crucial role in thermal control systems, particularly in ensuring precise control, monitoring, and optimization of temperature and heat transfer processes. Their versatility and efficiency make them indispensable across a range of industries, including aerospace, electronics, and manufacturing. Below is a detailed exploration of how pulse signals are utilized in thermal control

In industrial automation, ensuring continuous and reliable operation is crucial. Distributed Control Systems (DCS) play a vital role in process industries like oil and gas, power generation, and chemical production, where maintaining control stability is essential. DCS redundancy technology is a key factor in enhancing system reliability and mitigating the risk of operational interruptions caused

1. Cutoff State Definition: In the cutoff state, the transistor is essentially “off,” meaning it does not conduct current from the collector to the emitter. This state occurs when there is insufficient base current, IBI_BIB​, to activate the transistor, preventing it from allowing current flow between the collector and emitter terminals. Conditions: **Base-Emitter Voltage V_{BE}

Introduction Compressed air is a crucial energy source and control medium widely used in industrial, transportation, construction, medical, and other sectors. One key factor that impacts the quality and stability of compressed air is its moisture content. Excessive moisture can lead to equipment malfunctions, compromised product quality, increased energy consumption, and higher production costs. This

Terminal blocks are critical components in electrical and electronic systems, providing secure connections for transmitting voltage, current, or signals. However, various issues can arise during their use, impacting performance and reliability. This article discusses common terminal block failures, their causes, and preventive measures. 1. Contact Failure The metallic conductor within a terminal block is the

1. Background During a recent safety inspection organized by the Municipal Emergency Management Bureau, one of the reviewing experts insisted that enterprises should add an automatic (emergency) shutdown function in the Distributed Control System (DCS) and configure a corresponding software button on the operator interface. As a participant in this inspection, I raised an objection.

Industrial automation relies heavily on robust communication protocols to ensure that devices and control systems work seamlessly together. Among the most widely adopted are Modbus TCP/IP and Profinet. While both leverage Ethernet as their physical layer, their design philosophies, performance characteristics, and application scenarios differ significantly. 1. Origins and Basic Concepts Modbus TCP/IP Originally developed