The refining sector forms the first and one of the most critical segments of the petrochemical processing chain. By the end of 2016, China had reached a refining capacity of 750 million tons per annum, accounting for 15% of global capacity and ranking second in the world. Instrumentation and automation systems in refineries are designed […]
Key Features of Instrumentation and Automation in the Refining Industry Read More »
Introduction In the field of industrial automation, the choice of communication protocols is a key factor that affects production efficiency, equipment coordination, and system stability. With the continuous advancement of technology, industrial communication protocols have evolved into a variety of standards. Among them, PROFINET, Modbus, and EtherCAT are the most widely used protocols across industries.
The Three Most Widely Used Industrial Fieldbus Protocols: PROFINET, Modbus, and EtherCAT Read More »
In modern industrial processes, the accurate measurement of waste liquids plays a critical role in environmental protection, resource recovery, and process control. Traditional liquid level measurement methods often struggle to meet the unique requirements associated with waste liquid measurement. However, radar level meters, with their distinct technological advantages, have emerged as a powerful solution in
The Application and Advantages of Radar Level Meters in Waste Liquid Measurement Read More »
Despite significant advancements in PID auto-tuning technology in both academic and commercial domains, its widespread adoption in real-world industrial process control—especially in process industries such as chemical, petrochemical, power, pharmaceuticals, and food—remains far below expectations. The underlying reasons are multifaceted and complex, spanning technical, operational, and cultural dimensions. 1. Process Complexity and Uncertainty ▸ Nonlinearity
1. Introduction In process industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, and food processing, accurate documentation of system design is crucial. Among the most essential engineering drawings are the Process Flow Diagram (PFD) and the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID). These diagrams help engineers and operators understand the process flow, equipment layout, and control logic of
Understanding Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) and Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) Read More »
1. Common Grounding Methods for Shield Layers In industrial applications, shielded cables are typically grounded in one of two ways: (1) Single-Point Grounding (Recommended for Control Systems) The metallic shield is grounded only at one end, while the other end is left unconnected or grounded via protective earth. ✅ Purpose: To eliminate electromagnetic interference (EMI)
1. What is a Fire Power Monitoring System? A fire power monitoring system is designed to perform real-time monitoring of the power supply status for firefighting equipment. By continuously tracking critical parameters such as voltage, current, and switch status, the system ensures that all fire protection devices are operating under normal conditions. Modern fire power
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1. Key Factors Affecting Actual Accuracy 1.1 Fluid Properties Deviating from Ideal Conditions Viscosity and Reynolds Number EffectsStated accuracy is often based on calibration with low-viscosity fluids like water (1 mPa·s). High-viscosity media (e.g., lubricating oil at 50 mPa·s) significantly alter flow behavior: Turbine flow meters show reduced rotor speed due to increased resistance, resulting
Bridging the Gap Between Stated and Actual Accuracy in Flow Measurement Instruments Read More »
1. Importance of Density Meter Calibration Density meters are widely used in petroleum refining, chemical manufacturing, food and beverage production, and pharmaceutical industries for process control and quality assurance. The accuracy and reliability of these instruments directly impact product quality and operational stability. Thus, regular calibration and verification are critical to ensure dependable measurement results.
In the operation of thermal power boilers, the steam drum water level is a critical parameter for safety and efficiency. However, the water level measurement often experiences fluctuations due to both actual process dynamics and system-related errors. Understanding the causes of these fluctuations is essential for stable operation and precise control. Understanding Measurement Error vs.
Factors Affecting Drum Water Level Measurement Fluctuations Read More »
