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How to Select an Electromagnetic Flow Meter for Hydrochloric Acid Applications

Flow meter /

1. Introduction Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a highly corrosive medium commonly encountered in chemical processing, water treatment, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Accurate and stable flow measurement of hydrochloric acid requires a carefully selected electromagnetic flow meter (magmeter) with appropriate wetted materials. This document provides guidelines for material selection and configuration when measuring HCl with electromagnetic flow […]

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Temperature Effects on Load Cell Performance

Sensors /

Introduction Temperature is one of the most significant environmental factors that affect the accuracy and longevity of load cells. Whether you’re measuring forces in an outdoor setting or in a climate-controlled facility, temperature fluctuations can lead to errors in readings. This article explains how temperature affects load cell performance, why it matters, and how to

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Can Radar Measure All Types of Liquids? Absolutely Not—Here’s Why

Level meter /

In industrial automation systems, “level” may seem like a basic variable. But anyone with on-site experience knows: level measurement is an underrated technical challenge. You’re not dealing with laboratory-grade pure water, but with aggressive, sticky, volatile, or high-temperature liquids—each with its own “personality.” The wrong level device selection can lead to instrument failure, production stoppages,

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I/O Allocation Principles and I/O Point Calculation Method for DCS Control Systems

PLC /

1. General Principles for I/O Allocation 1.1 Redundancy Principle To comply with the single-fault tolerance requirement, redundant devices should be assigned to different controllers or I/O modules to ensure that failure in one does not affect the entire system. 1.2 Power Isolation Principle DO points may have different power sources (e.g., 24VDC or 220VAC, powered

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Are Protective Earthing and Enclosure Grounding the Same Thing?

Instrumentation /

In the world of industrial automation and electrical safety, terms like protective earthing (PE) and enclosure grounding are often used interchangeably. However, while they may physically share the same grounding point, their purposes, design principles, and regulatory implications are fundamentally different. Understanding this distinction is crucial for engineers, electricians, and system integrators alike. ✅ What

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Selection Guide for Chemical Instrumentation: Principles, Scenarios, and Pitfalls

Instrumentation /

Chemical instrumentation plays a vital role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of chemical production processes. Proper selection must comprehensively consider process conditions, media characteristics, environmental requirements, measurement accuracy, and more. This guide presents the core logic and key steps for instrument selection in chemical industries. 1. Define Process Requirements: Start with the Measurement

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Mounting Errors in Load Cells: Types, Consequences, and Fixes

Sensors /

Introduction Even the most accurate load cell will fail to perform if it’s not mounted correctly. In fact, improper installation is the #1 reason for unreliable, unstable, or inaccurate weighing system performance. This article highlights the most common load cell mounting errors, their effects on measurement accuracy, and how to avoid or correct them. 1.

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Practical PI Tuning for Liquid Level Control: A New Approach Based on Filling Time

PLC /

1. Introduction In process industries, liquid level is a typical integrating process variable, representing the physical balance of inflows and outflows in a vessel. Due to its integrating nature, level control loops often exhibit a unique set of challenges when applying conventional PID tuning methods—especially regarding the integral time. One of the most common issues

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Comprehensive Analysis of Causes for Abnormal Readings in Float Level Indicators: Case Studies and Solutions

Level meter /

In industrial production processes, float level indicators are commonly used instruments for measuring liquid levels. Accurate readings are critical for stable operations, and any abnormalities in level indication can lead to production issues and quality control problems. This article explores the possible causes of abnormal float level indicator readings and provides practical case studies to

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