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Temperature and Pressure Compensation in Vortex Flowmeters

Flow meter /

Abstract Vortex flowmeters are widely used for measuring gas, steam, and liquid flows in industrial processes. Since vortex flowmeters measure operating (actual) volume flow, temperature and pressure compensation is required under certain conditions to ensure accuracy. This article explains when compensation is necessary, the underlying principle of density correction, the sequence of compensation steps, and […]

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Clarifying RS485: Not a Protocol, but a Physical Layer Standard

PLC /

Abstract RS485 is frequently misunderstood as a “communication protocol,” whereas in reality, it is a physical layer interface standard. This article explains the fundamentals of RS485, highlights common misconceptions, compares it with application protocols such as Modbus RTU, and provides practical engineering guidelines for installation, wiring, and troubleshooting. 1. What Exactly is RS485? RS485 is

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Practical Guide to Common Instruments and Tools for Electrical and Control Technicians

Instrumentation /

1. Common Electrical Instruments 1.1 Multimeter Purpose: Used to measure DC/AC voltage, current, resistance, and in advanced models, capacitance, inductance, and power. Main Components: Indicator section: moving-coil meter (meter head). Measuring circuits: shunt, divider, rectifier. Switching device: selects measurement type and range. Usage Guidelines: Correctly connect test leads (red to “+”, black to “–”). Select

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Differences and Commonalities Between Thermal Automation Instruments and Chemical Automation Instruments

Instrumentation /

Abstract Thermal automation instruments and chemical automation instruments both belong to the broader category of industrial automation instruments, serving as key enablers for process monitoring and control. While they share a common foundation in principles, functions, and architecture, they also exhibit distinct differences due to variations in process media, application scenarios, and control objectives. This

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Exploring the Series and Parallel Installation of DCS and SIS Valves

PLC /

In process industries, Distributed Control System (DCS) valves and Safety Instrumented System (SIS) valves play critical roles in process control and safety, respectively. When designing these systems, engineers must decide whether to install these valves in series or parallel. Each configuration has its advantages and challenges that impact the system’s overall safety, reliability, and maintainability.

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Preventive Maintenance vs. Predictive Maintenance: Key Differences, Advantages, and Applications

Instrumentation /

Introduction In industrial equipment management, Preventive Maintenance (PM) and Predictive Maintenance (PdM) are two commonly adopted strategies. While the two terms differ by only a single word, they represent fundamentally different approaches to equipment reliability. This article compares their definitions, advantages, limitations, and suitable applications, helping enterprises choose the right maintenance strategy—or a combination of

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Understanding Strong Current (Power) and Weak Current (Signal) Systems: Differences and Applications

PLC /

In the field of electrical engineering, “strong current” and “weak current” are two fundamental concepts. These two types of electrical systems have distinct characteristics and serve different functions, with each playing an important role in modern technology. Let’s take a closer look at how they differ in terms of voltage, current, applications, safety considerations, and

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Instrumentation Project Documentation Checklist

Instrumentation /

Introduction In an instrumentation and control engineering project, the project documentation package is one of the core deliverables. It records all required documents throughout the entire lifecycle—design, procurement, installation, commissioning, and handover. A well-structured document set not only guides project execution but also ensures quality, safety, and regulatory compliance. 1. Design Documentation Design documents provide

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Understanding Modbus Coils: The Foundation of Industrial Communication

Instrumentation /

Introduction In industrial automation and process control, the Modbus protocol is one of the most widely used communication standards. At the heart of Modbus lies the concept of the coil, a fundamental data type that plays a crucial role in device control and monitoring. This article explains what coils are, how they work, and why

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