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Understanding SFC in PLC Programming: The Language That Makes Logic Visible

PLC /

In the world of PLC programming, most engineers are familiar with Ladder Diagram (LAD) and Structured Text (ST or SCL).These two have dominated the automation field for decades due to their intuitive representation and widespread support. However, the IEC 61131-3 standard defines five programming languages for PLCs—and among them lies a powerful yet often overlooked […]

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Pressure Gauge Classification and Calibration Cycles: A Detailed Overview

Pressure /

Pressure gauges are essential instruments widely used in various industries to measure and monitor pressure. To ensure their reliability and accuracy, pressure gauges are classified based on their precision and application, and they require periodic calibration. This article delves into the classification of pressure gauges and provides a comprehensive explanation of their calibration cycles. Classification

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Scientific Selection and Practical Applications of Eight Common Valves

Valve /

In modern industrial pipeline systems, valves play a crucial role in controlling the flow, pressure, and direction of fluids. They are widely used in industries such as petrochemicals, power generation, metallurgy, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, and energy. Different types of valves offer unique advantages in terms of structural design, sealing performance, and operational characteristics. Understanding the

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Operation Guidelines for Regular Blowdown of Steam Drum

Instrumentation /

1. Control of Impurities and Salts ConcentrationDuring the operation of the steam generator, soluble and insoluble impurities (such as calcium and magnesium ions) in the feedwater become increasingly concentrated as water evaporates. If blowdown is not performed regularly, the concentration of impurities in the boiler water will rise, which can reduce steam quality and potentially

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What is the NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) of a Centrifugal Pump?

Instrumentation /

1. Working Principle of a Centrifugal Pump Before starting, the centrifugal pump must first be filled with liquid. When the impeller rotates, the liquid is subjected to centrifugal force and is thrown towards the outer edge of the impeller. This imparts kinetic energy to the liquid, which is then discharged through the outlet. Meanwhile, the

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Environmental Requirements for Control Rooms, Equipment Rooms, and Electrical Distribution Rooms

PLC /

Proper temperature and humidity control in control rooms, equipment rooms, and electrical distribution rooms is crucial for the efficient and safe operation of equipment, as well as ensuring the comfort of personnel. The specific standards and recommendations for each environment are as follows: 1. Control Room Control rooms house critical systems and personnel who monitor

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Should Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) Gas be Classified as a Toxic Gas for Monitoring?

Instrumentation /

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is classified under “acute toxicity – inhalation, category 3*” according to national standards. However, in practical terms, it is “not recommended” to set it up as a toxic gas for monitoring. Why is it that hydrogen chloride in its gas form is treated differently from its liquid form, like hydrochloric acid

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Why Is Oil Needed in Pressure Sensors?

Pressure Transmitter /

Pressure sensors use pressure-sensitive chips (such as piezoresistive silicon membranes) to detect pressure changes. If the sensor comes into direct contact with corrosive media, the silicon membrane may be damaged, affecting performance and reducing the sensor’s lifespan. Therefore, protective packaging is required to safeguard the pressure-sensitive chip while still allowing the pressure to be transmitted

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Understanding the Capacitive Smart Liquid Level Meter: A Reliable Solution for Industrial Applications

Level meter /

In various industrial sectors, accurate liquid level measurement is essential for efficient process control and safety. Among the many measurement devices available, the Capacitive Smart Liquid Level Meter stands out as a highly reliable, durable, and precise solution. Whether in the petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, or food industries, this device provides exceptional performance across a range

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Proper Use of Ethylene Glycol Antifreeze in Instrument Isolation Chambers

Tank /

When filling an instrument isolation chamber with ethylene glycol antifreeze, it is crucial to consider whether the antifreeze needs to be diluted with water. The decision largely depends on the type of antifreeze used, the environmental conditions, and the specifications of the equipment. Below is a detailed guide to help ensure optimal performance and protection.

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