PLC

In the operation of distillation columns, controlling the bottoms level is crucial for maintaining product quality and overall process stability. Typically, the bottoms withdrawal flow is used as the primary means of regulation. However, there are complex process control challenges, particularly when dealing with special operating conditions. These include instances where the bottoms withdrawal exhibits […]

These transmitters include pressure transmitters, level transmitters, temperature transmitters, differential pressure transmitters, humidity transmitters, and soil moisture transmitters, among others. The usage of these transmitters is becoming increasingly widespread in industrial applications. Types of Transmitter Power and Signal Outputs Transmitters typically use two main power supply configurations: Two-wire system: Where both power and signal transmission

1. Introduction Chemical plants deal with hazardous materials, including flammable, explosive, toxic, and corrosive substances. This makes safety a top priority in these facilities. One of the key safety measures in place is the Safety Instrumented System (SIS), which is designed to prevent or mitigate hazardous events by taking automatic protective actions. A well-designed SIS

In refrigeration systems, maintaining optimal oil temperature is crucial for ensuring the smooth operation of compressors and other critical components. Traditionally, oil temperature control has been manually managed using two air-cooled variable frequency drives (VFDs), but implementing automatic oil temperature control in a Distributed Control System (DCS) has presented several challenges. These challenges include measurement

Thermal control systems are critical for maintaining operational efficiency and ensuring safety in various industrial settings. This article outlines key strategies for optimizing thermal control systems, emphasizing practical and advanced methods for improvement. 1. Equipment Selection and Updates Select high-precision, stable, and fast-response thermal control devices and instruments. Regularly evaluate the performance of existing equipment,

Introduction In the realm of industrial automation, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) serves as the “brain” behind countless systems and machinery. Yet, beneath the seemingly smooth operation of these control systems, engineers often encounter inexplicable failures—problems that appear and disappear without clear reason, almost as if some unseen force is at play. One such persistent

1. Electrical Safety Requirements: Insulation mats are essential in environments where electrical isolation between equipment and operators is necessary, such as in substations, power plants, distribution rooms, laboratories, and outdoor live working locations. These areas often house high-voltage electrical equipment, and placing insulation mats helps prevent electric shock, thereby protecting the safety of operators. 2.

This article compares five important industrial communication protocols used in process automation: PA (PROFIBUS Process Automation), FF (Foundation Fieldbus), DP (PROFIBUS DP), HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer), and BRAIN. These protocols enable the communication between various field devices, sensors, actuators, and controllers, each designed for different industrial needs and environments. 1. Definitions and Origins PA

1. How to distinguish between major and minor faults? Issue: The distinction between major and minor faults lies in the system’s response. For minor faults, the system emits an alarm signal, and the fault indicator flashes. For major faults, the system emits a fault signal, the fault indicator stays on, and it sends a command

In industrial, engineering, and scientific research fields, temperature is a critical parameter. Whether it is chemical reactions, physical processes, or machine operations, temperature directly affects efficiency, safety, and sustainability. Specifically, three key temperature concepts—medium temperature, process temperature, and ambient temperature—are crucial in designing, monitoring, and optimizing various equipment and systems. This article will explore these