PLC

1. What Is SIL? SIL stands for Safety Integrity Level, a key concept defined in the international functional safety standard IEC 61508. It represents the level of risk reduction provided by a Safety Instrumented Function (SIF). SIL is typically used to describe the reliability and effectiveness of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) in preventing hazardous events. […]

PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) installation and wiring are critical processes in ensuring the reliable operation of an automated control system. Improper installation or wiring can lead to malfunction, system failure, or even safety risks. This article provides a detailed guide on the essential considerations when installing and wiring a PLC system. 1. Choosing the Right

PID, short for Proportional–Integral–Derivative, is one of the most widely used control strategies in industrial automation. Despite its simplicity in formulation, PID encapsulates a profound understanding of time, feedback, and human decision-making logic. This article explores the historical context, philosophical underpinnings, engineering applications, and ongoing challenges of PID control in the industrial field. 1. What

General Guidelines In line with the principle of “safety first, prevention-oriented, and comprehensive management,” this emergency response guide focuses on fast and accurate handling of emergencies in Distributed Control Systems (DCS) and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC). The goal is to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment while establishing a long-term response mechanism to improve

Introduction To make full use of a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), two main tasks must be accomplished: hardware system configuration and user program design. This article focuses on how to configure the PLC system properly. System configuration refers to the hardware composition of the PLC. It includes selecting appropriate modules, quantities, and combinations based on

In a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), outputs are used to send control signals to external devices such as motors, lights, relays, solenoids, and valves. These outputs can be broadly categorized into the following types: 🔌 1. Relay Output Working Principle: Uses an electromechanical relay to switch circuits. Characteristics: Compatible with both AC and DC loads.

Introduction Analog output is widely used in industrial automation for controlling devices such as valves, variable frequency drives (VFDs), and actuators. In a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), analog output represents a continuously variable signal (such as 4–20mA or 0–10V) rather than discrete ON/OFF switching. This article introduces three common methods for implementing analog output using

In industries like oil and gas, chemical processing, and pharmaceuticals, where hazardous environments with the risk of explosions are common, protecting electrical equipment from igniting such dangers is crucial. Safety barriers, also known as intrinsically safe (IS) barriers, play a key role in preventing sparks or excessive heat that could trigger explosions. These barriers work

The TCP/IP protocol suite (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the foundational communication protocol for the modern Internet. It adopts a layered architecture to facilitate interoperability, scalability, and modular design. From bottom to top, the main layers are: Network Interface Layer, Internet Layer, Transport Layer, and Application Layer. This article offers a detailed explanation of each

1. Introduction In industrial automation and instrumentation, the terms RS-485 and Modbus frequently appear together. However, they refer to two different layers of communication. Understanding the distinction between them is essential when selecting and configuring communication interfaces in industrial devices such as flow meters, temperature transmitters, or programmable logic controllers (PLCs). 2. What is RS-485?