Instrumentation

Abstract Instrumentation and control systems are essential for stable, safe, and efficient industrial operations. However, failures inevitably occur due to various technical, environmental, and human factors. This document provides a comprehensive framework for fault diagnosis, organized into five systematic approaches: Causes of failures in instruments and control systems. Common fault factors in field instruments. Fault […]

Abstract Pipeline purging is widely recognized as a critical operation to ensure the cleanliness and reliability of gas pipelines. However, instrument purging is equally important for the stable and accurate performance of industrial automation systems. This article explains the necessity, procedures, common challenges, and system-wide impact of instrument purging, providing guidance for standardized operation in

In electrical and electronic engineering, GND (Ground) and COM (Common) are both widely used concepts, but they differ significantly in function, application, and electrical characteristics. Misunderstanding these terms can lead to wiring errors, signal interference, or even equipment damage. This article explains their differences with practical examples. 1. Definition and Core Function GND (Ground) Acts

The installation of instrument junction boxes must comply with relevant design and construction standards. The following guidelines summarize best practices based on HG/T 20512-2014 Instrument Piping and Wiring Design Code and related industry standards. 1. Location and Height Height Requirement: The center of the junction box should be installed at a height of 1.2–1.5 m

1. Introduction In industries such as petroleum, chemical, food, and pharmaceuticals, viscosity is a critical parameter for evaluating product performance and controlling production processes. The viscometer, as the core measurement tool, directly determines the stability of product quality and the reliability of research data.Therefore, regular calibration and verification of viscometers form the cornerstone of enterprise

1. Common Electrical Instruments 1.1 Multimeter Purpose: Used to measure DC/AC voltage, current, resistance, and in advanced models, capacitance, inductance, and power. Main Components: Indicator section: moving-coil meter (meter head). Measuring circuits: shunt, divider, rectifier. Switching device: selects measurement type and range. Usage Guidelines: Correctly connect test leads (red to “+”, black to “–”). Select

Abstract Thermal automation instruments and chemical automation instruments both belong to the broader category of industrial automation instruments, serving as key enablers for process monitoring and control. While they share a common foundation in principles, functions, and architecture, they also exhibit distinct differences due to variations in process media, application scenarios, and control objectives. This

Introduction In industrial equipment management, Preventive Maintenance (PM) and Predictive Maintenance (PdM) are two commonly adopted strategies. While the two terms differ by only a single word, they represent fundamentally different approaches to equipment reliability. This article compares their definitions, advantages, limitations, and suitable applications, helping enterprises choose the right maintenance strategy—or a combination of

Introduction In an instrumentation and control engineering project, the project documentation package is one of the core deliverables. It records all required documents throughout the entire lifecycle—design, procurement, installation, commissioning, and handover. A well-structured document set not only guides project execution but also ensures quality, safety, and regulatory compliance. 1. Design Documentation Design documents provide

Introduction In industrial automation and process control, the Modbus protocol is one of the most widely used communication standards. At the heart of Modbus lies the concept of the coil, a fundamental data type that plays a crucial role in device control and monitoring. This article explains what coils are, how they work, and why