Instrumentation

When engineers first look at a piping or P&ID drawing, one thing becomes immediately noticeable:there are not many words, but there are many letter combinations. These letters are what we commonly call valve and piping codes.At first glance, they may look complicated, but in reality, they are simply a compact way of expressing technical information. […]

A Practical Guide to Flow Measurement and Flowmeter Selection Introduction Why does an electromagnetic flowmeter become less accurate when measuring sludge-containing wastewater?Why does a steam flow measurement still fluctuate badly even when an imported differential pressure transmitter is installed?Why does an oval gear flowmeter measuring lubricating oil seize after only a few months of operation?

1. Instrument Body and Accessories Inspection 1.1 Pressure Gauges / Differential Pressure Gauges Inspection Points: Check whether there is condensation, water droplets, or moisture inside the gauge. Ensure the pointer is intact, without falling off, sticking, or abnormal movement. Confirm the dial scale is clear and legible. Inspect the gauge body for deformation, mechanical damage,

In industrial automation, the comparison between PROFIBUS and PROFINET has been discussed for decades.Both communication technologies are defined and maintained by PI (PROFIBUS & PROFINET International) and belong to the same IEC standard family. While they share continuity in engineering philosophy and configuration concepts, their technical architectures represent two different generations of industrial communication systems.

In engineering and scientific fields, “signals” typically refer to a function that conveys information through variation with respect to some independent variable, most commonly time. The function’s values can represent physical quantities such as voltage, current, light intensity, sound pressure, or electromagnetic field strength. Analog Signals An analog signal is one that varies continuously in

1. Overview In modern chemical and process industries, corrosion remains one of the most critical challenges affecting production stability, instrument reliability, and plant safety.Pipelines, flowmeters, level transmitters, and process sensors are exposed to a wide range of acids, alkalis, solvents, and gas–liquid mixtures, many of which may chemically attack wetted materials. Understanding the corrosive properties

From Wiring and Calibration to Control Systems and Explosion Protection Anyone who works in field instrumentation knows the pain points: Wrong RTD wiring causing crazy temperature readings…Pressure transmitters damaged because someone forgot to depressurize…Control valves selected in the wrong fail-safe action…Or the constant pressure of working in hazardous zones… No worries—this guide summarizes five core

What Needs to Change and Why It Matters The wave of industrial intelligence is no longer a trend—it is a reality.In many facilities, labor-intensive operations, manual decision-making, and fragmented processes are still quietly eroding efficiency and profitability.The core question is no longer whether to transform, but how quickly transformation can be achieved. 1. Two Dimensions

1. Overview Equipment maintenance refers to routine care performed through cleaning, lubrication, inspection, adjustment, fastening, and minor correction, to ensure equipment maintains proper performance and technical condition.Effective maintenance reduces failure rates, minimizes downtime, and extends equipment life. 2. Maintenance Requirements for Critical, Precision, and Special Machinery 2.1 “Four Assignments” Principle To manage key equipment, enterprises

Inrush current is a familiar—but often misunderstood—phenomenon in industrial power systems.Many engineers know its damage can be immediate and costly, yet struggle to pinpoint where it comes from, how to measure it, or what to do about it. This article breaks down the essentials of inrush current: its definition, root causes, testing methods, and preventive