Target flow meters, also known as drag force flow meters, measure flow by detecting the force exerted by fluid flow...

Turbine flow meters are widely used for measuring the flow rate of clean, low-viscosity fluids such as water, oil, and...

Orifice plate flow meters are widely used in industrial applications to measure fluid flow rates. Their accuracy, however, relies heavily...

1. Background During a recent safety inspection organized by the Municipal Emergency Management Bureau, one of the reviewing experts insisted...

1. Introduction Importance of correct impulse line installation for measurement accuracy, safety, and long-term reliability. Typical consequences of improper installation:...

Introduction Guided Wave Radar (GWR) transmitters rely on waveguides to direct the propagation of electromagnetic pulses into the measured medium....

1. Basic Requirements The accuracy of an orifice plate flowmeter largely depends on sufficient straight pipe runs upstream and downstream...

1. Introduction Instrumentation serves as the “nervous system” of industrial automation, while cables and wires act as the “blood vessels”...

1. General Principle – Insulation Not Always Required Under normal environmental conditions, the fill fluid inside the dual-flange capillary (commonly...

1. Background and Rationale Under the principle of “No Work Without a Permit,” field instrumentation personnel often face a dilemma...