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Understanding Switch, Analog, and Digital Signals: Characteristics and Applications

PLC /

In the realm of electronics, automation, and computer control, understanding the types of signals used for communication and processing is essential. The three primary types of signals are switch signals (referred to as switch quantities), analog signals, and digital signals. Each plays a vital role in different applications, providing specific advantages depending on the system’s […]

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How to Maintain a Submersible Level Transmitter: A Complete Guide for Reliable Measurement

Level meter /

Introduction Submersible level transmitters, also known as hydrostatic level sensors, are widely used for monitoring liquid levels in tanks, wells, reservoirs, and treatment facilities. Whether applied in clean water, wastewater, oil, or corrosive chemicals, proper maintenance is essential to ensure accurate readings and long-term reliability. In this article, we’ll walk you through key maintenance tips,

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Material Selection for Instruments in Sulfuric Acid Service

Instrumentation /

1. Introduction In chemical processing environments, corrosion of instrumentation is often a direct result of inadequate material resistance to the working medium. Among the most aggressive chemical agents is sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), which poses unique challenges to material selection due to its varying corrosive behavior across different concentrations and temperatures. To ensure long-term reliability and

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Is RS-485 Reliable? It All Depends on Loop Impedance

PLC /

RS-485 communication is widely used in industrial control and building automation due to its differential transmission, long-distance capability, and strong noise immunity. However, one critical factor often overlooked is loop impedance. Poor impedance design can lead to packet loss, communication errors, and frustrating troubleshooting. This guide breaks down what loop impedance is, why it matters,

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Tungsten-Cobalt Alloy Wear-Resistant Thermocouple

Thermocouples /

🔧 Overview The tungsten-cobalt alloy wear-resistant thermocouple is a specialized temperature sensing device designed for harsh conditions involving intensive abrasion, high temperatures, and particulate erosion. By using a WC-Co (tungsten carbide–cobalt) alloy as the protective sheath or sensing tip, it offers enhanced durability compared to traditional thermocouples. This document covers the structure, application scenarios, selection

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🔧 Understanding Back Pressure in Industrial Systems: Functions, Adjustment Methods, and Safety Considerations

Pressure /

Back pressure, as the name implies, refers to the static pressure that exists on the downstream side of a flow system. It represents a form of resistance against the direction of fluid flow and plays a crucial role in various industrial processes involving liquids or gases. This article explains what back pressure is, its key

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Maintenance Plan for Automation Instruments in Chemical Plants

Instrumentation /

1. Objective To ensure that all automation instruments used in chemical production—such as temperature, pressure, flow, level, and analytical instruments—operate in an accurate, reliable, and safe condition. This aims to: Prevent production fluctuations, product quality issues, safety incidents, and environmental pollution caused by instrument failures. Extend the service life of instruments and optimize maintenance costs.

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The Five Core Measurement Parameters in Industrial Automation

PLC /

In the realm of industrial automation, accurate measurement and control of key physical parameters are essential for optimizing processes, maintaining safety, and ensuring product quality. Understanding these core measurement parameters allows industries to function with precision, efficiency, and reliability. The five most critical parameters in this context are pressure, temperature, flow, liquid level, and position/velocity.

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Cost-Effective Instrument Retrofit Transforms Unreliable Operation into Long-Term Stability

Instrumentation /

From Weekly Instrument Replacement to Over a Decade of Stable Operation — A Classic Low-Cost Retrofit in a Harsh Chemical Environment 📌 Background In a low-temperature methanol wash unit used in coal gasification downstream processing, an external level transmitter was originally installed to measure the acidic gas condensate in a stripper separator. However, just six

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Ultrasonic Flaw Detector Calibration: Principles, Standards, and Best Practices

Flaw detectors /

Ultrasonic flaw detectors are indispensable tools in modern non-destructive testing (NDT), widely used in industries such as manufacturing, construction, and aerospace. These instruments rely on the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves within materials to detect internal defects. Over time, environmental factors and frequent use can lead to drift in performance parameters. As a result, regular

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