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1. Introduction NAMUR (Normenarbeitsgemeinschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik in der Chemischen Industrie) is a leading German user association that develops important guidelines for process automation. Among its many recommendations, NE 43 and NE 107 are particularly influential in device diagnostics and health monitoring. Although both aim to improve reliability and safety in process industries, they […]

1. Introduction In industrial automation systems, especially in power plants and petrochemical industries, the 4–20 mA current loop remains the most widely adopted standard for analog signal transmission. Compared with voltage signals (e.g., 0–10 V), the 4–20 mA signal offers superior noise immunity, long-distance transmission capability, and inherent safety, making it the preferred choice in

Company: Dalian Zero Instrument Technology Co., Ltd.Document Type: Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)Effective Date: 18th Sep 2025Version: V1.0 1. Scope This document specifies the inspection, zero-point calibration, and maintenance procedures for common industrial instruments, including flowmeters, level transmitters, pressure transmitters, and valves. It is applicable to on-site commissioning, preventive maintenance, troubleshooting, and periodic inspection in chemical, petrochemical,

In a chemical plant, instruments are essential for monitoring operational status. Their parameters are crucial for safe production and producing compliant products. Therefore, chemical instrument inspections are not merely routine tasks but essential checks for identifying hazards, reducing risks, and ensuring product quality. Without adequate inspections, complex chemical processes and high-speed equipment operations can result

Introduction Hydrogen (H₂) and nitrogen (N₂) are two of the most important industrial gases, widely used in industries ranging from chemical synthesis and metallurgy to energy and electronics. Monitoring their purity and mixture ratios is crucial for process efficiency, safety, and product quality. In practice, users often face a choice: should they use a single

1. Introduction In process control, the Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller is one of the most widely used strategies.However, when the setpoint (SP) undergoes a sudden step change, the standard PID often causes controller output overshoot, valve oscillations, and mechanical stress.To address this issue, an improved structure known as Proportional–Derivative First (PD–PI) Control has been developed. This

1. Introduction In modern manufacturing enterprises, the integration of Distributed Control Systems (DCS) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems is a cornerstone for digitalization and smart manufacturing. While DCS focuses on real-time process monitoring and control at the plant floor, ERP emphasizes resource planning, scheduling, and cost management at the enterprise level.Bridging these two systems