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Introduction In mineral processing plants, flotation tanks are large vessels where slurry and froth separation takes place. At first glance, the control of liquid level in such large tanks seems to require long filling times and correspondingly large PID integral times. However, this intuitive assumption may lead to incorrect parameter settings. This document presents a […]

Abstract Power dips (voltage sags) are common disturbances in industrial power grids. If not handled properly, they may cause equipment trips, process interruptions, or even secondary accidents such as material leakage or equipment damage. This document provides technical guidance on how to ensure orderly equipment operation during power dips through PLC/DCS program optimization and emergency

Abstract Instrumentation and control systems are essential for stable, safe, and efficient industrial operations. However, failures inevitably occur due to various technical, environmental, and human factors. This document provides a comprehensive framework for fault diagnosis, organized into five systematic approaches: Causes of failures in instruments and control systems. Common fault factors in field instruments. Fault

Abstract Pipeline purging is widely recognized as a critical operation to ensure the cleanliness and reliability of gas pipelines. However, instrument purging is equally important for the stable and accurate performance of industrial automation systems. This article explains the necessity, procedures, common challenges, and system-wide impact of instrument purging, providing guidance for standardized operation in

In electrical and electronic engineering, GND (Ground) and COM (Common) are both widely used concepts, but they differ significantly in function, application, and electrical characteristics. Misunderstanding these terms can lead to wiring errors, signal interference, or even equipment damage. This article explains their differences with practical examples. 1. Definition and Core Function GND (Ground) Acts

The installation of instrument junction boxes must comply with relevant design and construction standards. The following guidelines summarize best practices based on HG/T 20512-2014 Instrument Piping and Wiring Design Code and related industry standards. 1. Location and Height Height Requirement: The center of the junction box should be installed at a height of 1.2–1.5 m

1. Introduction In industries such as petroleum, chemical, food, and pharmaceuticals, viscosity is a critical parameter for evaluating product performance and controlling production processes. The viscometer, as the core measurement tool, directly determines the stability of product quality and the reliability of research data.Therefore, regular calibration and verification of viscometers form the cornerstone of enterprise