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Understanding the Differences Between Common Thread Types

Thread /

1. Introduction Threads play a critical role in connection, sealing, and power transmission across mechanical manufacturing, piping systems, and equipment maintenance. Due to differences in standards, thread profiles, and application environments, engineers must carefully select the appropriate thread type.This document provides a systematic comparison of NPT, PT (BSPT), G (BSPP), TR, S, M, ZG, and […]

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How to Effectively Mitigate System Shock Caused by Setpoint Changes

Instrumentation /

1. Introduction In process control, the Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller is one of the most widely used strategies.However, when the setpoint (SP) undergoes a sudden step change, the standard PID often causes controller output overshoot, valve oscillations, and mechanical stress.To address this issue, an improved structure known as Proportional–Derivative First (PD–PI) Control has been developed. This

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Industrial Control Systems: Architecture, Networks, Redundancy, and Future Trends

PLC /

1. Introduction Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are the backbone of modern industrial production. Their architecture is designed with multiple layers to ensure efficiency, reliability, and stability. This document provides a structured overview of ICS architecture, communication networks, redundancy and security mechanisms, and future development trends. 2. Three-Tier Architecture of ICS 2.1 Field Control Layer —

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Flash Tank Level Measurement: Application of Magnetic Level Indicators

Level meter /

Introduction In industrial production, flash tanks are essential equipment used to rapidly heat liquids to boiling, effectively separating steam from liquid. Precise measurement of liquid levels in flash tanks is crucial for maintaining process stability and ensuring operational safety. The magnetic level indicator (MLI) is widely used in this context due to its high reliability

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Digital Integration: What Data Should DCS Provide to ERP?

Instrumentation /

1. Introduction In modern manufacturing enterprises, the integration of Distributed Control Systems (DCS) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems is a cornerstone for digitalization and smart manufacturing. While DCS focuses on real-time process monitoring and control at the plant floor, ERP emphasizes resource planning, scheduling, and cost management at the enterprise level.Bridging these two systems

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Infrared vs. Ultraviolet Flame Detectors: Principles, Applications, and Maintenance

Instrumentation /

1. Introduction Flame detectors are critical components of boiler furnace safety supervision systems (FSSS). Their primary function is to monitor combustion status in real time and provide signals once flame instability or extinction occurs, ensuring the timely shutdown of fuel supply. Among flame detectors, infrared (IR) flame detectors and ultraviolet (UV) flame detectors are the

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Do Modbus Networks Always Require Termination Resistors?

PLC /

Abstract In Modbus communication systems based on RS-485, termination resistors are often mentioned as a means of improving signal integrity. However, whether they are always required depends on several technical factors such as cable length, baud rate, and network topology. This document explains the principles, application scenarios, and practical guidelines for deciding when to use

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Why Radar Level Transmitters Often Provide Inaccurate Readings – Causes and Practical Solutions

Level meter /

Abstract Radar level transmitters are widely used in chemical storage tanks, wastewater basins, and bulk solids silos. However, many engineers complain about unstable readings, false alarms, or persistent measurement errors. This article explains the underlying principles, highlights common mistakes, and provides practical guidelines to ensure accurate radar level measurement in real-world applications. 1. Working Principle

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The Role and Importance of Temperature Transmitters in Industrial Applications

Temperature transmitter /

1. Introduction In modern industrial production, transmitters have become an indispensable category of measuring instruments. By integrating transmitters into traditional equipment, operators can achieve easier operation and maintenance, enhanced accuracy, and improved safety performance.In automated control systems, transmitters are considered a critical component, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the entire system. Temperature is

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Compliance Requirements for Tank Level Measurement

Tank /

1. Why Redundancy Is Essential Storage tanks usually contain hazardous media such as oil, acids/alkalis, liquid chlorine, or liquefied hydrocarbons. Any leakage can lead to catastrophic accidents.Therefore, regulations mandate redundant level measurement systems: At least two instruments based on different principles (e.g., radar + vibrating level switch) must be installed as backups. Independent alarm and

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