Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) are critical components in many industrial settings. While safety certifications are essential, they alone do not define a system as an SIS. There are two key criteria to determine whether a system qualifies as an SIS: technical standards and engineering standards. Technical Standards: The system must comply with IEC61511, which provides […]
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Introduction to Flow Switches A flow switch is a control switch that can monitor whether water, oil, gas or other media in a pipeline is flowing or not flowing, and then open or close it. The flow switch can be set to an upper or lower limit. When the flow reaches the limit, the flow
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Introduction to PID Control PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control is one of the most widely used and effective control algorithms in engineering. Its popularity stems from its ability to address fundamental control system requirements: stability, responsiveness, and accuracy. Despite the emergence of modern control methods, PID remains at the core of most automation systems. By tuning PID
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Introduction In industrial automation and environmental monitoring, level meters play a critical role. They not only ensure accurate measurement of liquid media but also maintain the continuity and safety of industrial processes. With the advancements in level measurement technologies, industries now have access to various solutions tailored to specific needs. Understanding the differences among these
1. Objective The purpose of this guideline is to ensure the safe and efficient operation of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems, reduce equipment downtime, extend service life, and prevent power interruptions from causing operational or data losses. This document provides a comprehensive framework for the installation, usage, and maintenance of UPS systems. 2. Scope This
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1. Checking In order to timely discover possible defects or hidden dangers in equipment and devices, the corresponding responsible personnel shall refer to the equipment inspection (or patrol inspection) standards to conduct regular or irregular observation, inspection, and record of the equipment and devices under their jurisdiction. Note 1: In order to respect the development
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NPN and PNP sensors are widely used in industrial automation for detecting objects, positions, or other parameters. However, situations may arise where the output type of a sensor (NPN or PNP) does not match the PLC input requirements. This guide will explain how to convert an NPN sensor to behave like a PNP sensor, and
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Instrument rooms house precision equipment and sensitive electronics, which require specific considerations when choosing fire extinguishers. According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Distribution in Buildings (GB50140), fires in such environments are classified as Class E fires, which involve energized electrical equipment. Therefore, fire extinguishers must meet high electrical insulation standards to effectively suppress
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Instrument calibration is a crucial process in ensuring measurement accuracy and reliability. Despite strict metrology standards and guidelines, errors can still occur due to improper implementation or uncontrollable factors. These errors may compromise the validity of calibration results. Below, we explore common errors in instrument calibration and provide recommendations for minimizing them. 1. Errors in
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Introduction In industrial processes, level measurement is a critical step to ensure stable production and quality control. Level sensors monitor the storage states of materials in containers, silos, and tanks, providing essential data for process optimization and safety. For solid granular materials, particularly powders or particles, particle size distribution significantly affects the precision, stability, and
