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IntroductionIn the field of materials engineering and product reliability testing, the terms Thermal Cycling and Thermal Shock are often used—but not always clearly understood. Although both involve exposing materials or components to temperature changes, their mechanisms, stress patterns, and application purposes differ significantly. This article breaks down the differences and provides practical guidance for selecting

Introduction Fluid equipment plays a crucial role in modern industrial systems, with applications across sectors such as petrochemicals, power generation, metallurgy, environmental engineering, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. These systems are involved in the transportation, treatment, distribution, mixing, heat exchange, and control of fluids, encompassing a range of mechanical, thermodynamic, and chemical processes. 1. Physical Principles

In modern industrial environments, automation systems often comprise a wide range of equipment and software from different manufacturers. These include PLCs, DCS systems, flow meters, gas analyzers, SCADA systems, and HMI software—each with its own communication protocols and data formats. OPC (OLE for Process Control) was developed to address this fragmentation by providing a standardized,

Ensuring that your ground wire is properly grounded is essential for electrical safety. A well-grounded electrical system helps protect individuals and appliances from electrical faults. Here, we’ll guide you step-by-step on how to use a multimeter to check the grounding of a wire.🔧 Recommended Tool: For accurate and safe measurements, we recommend using a reliable