Choosing the correct type of fire extinguisher for instrument rooms and power distribution rooms requires careful consideration. These areas typically house electrical equipment and precision instruments, making them susceptible to Class E fires, which involve energized electrical equipment.
I. Fire Extinguishers for Power Distribution Rooms
According to the “Design Code for Building Fire Extinguisher Installation” (GB50140-2005), power distribution rooms fall under Class E fire hazard zones. The recommended extinguishers include carbon dioxide extinguishers, phosphate-based dry powder extinguishers, and heptafluoropropane extinguishers. Below is a detailed breakdown of each type:
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Fire Extinguishers
- Features and Benefits:
CO₂ extinguishers are highly effective for fires involving energized electrical equipment with voltages below 600 volts. They work by displacing oxygen and absorbing heat, effectively suffocating and cooling the flames.- Leaves no residue, preventing damage or contamination to sensitive equipment.
- Environmentally clean and does not conduct electricity, making it ideal for electrical fires.
- Limitations:
CO₂ extinguishers are not suitable for high-voltage electrical fires (e.g., 10kV or 35kV) because the gas can become ionized and conductive under these conditions. Using them improperly may endanger personnel safety.- Avoid using models equipped with metallic nozzles, as these can increase risks of electrocution.
- Features and Benefits:
Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers
- Features and Benefits:
Phosphate-based dry powder extinguishers are versatile, capable of combating Class A (ordinary combustibles), Class B (flammable liquids), Class C (flammable gases), and Class E (electrical) fires.- Suitable for high-voltage electrical equipment rooms.
- Cost-effective and widely available.
- Limitations:
Dry powder can leave a residue, potentially damaging sensitive electrical components. It is less suitable for rooms housing expensive or delicate equipment.
- Features and Benefits:
Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) Fire Extinguishers
- Features and Benefits:
These extinguishers use a chemical reaction to interrupt the combustion process, extinguishing fires swiftly (often within one minute).- Non-conductive, leaves no residue, and poses no risk of secondary damage to equipment.
- Highly efficient and recommended for premium equipment protection.
- Usage Scenarios:
Ideal for high-value power distribution rooms or facilities housing critical infrastructure where equipment integrity is paramount.
- Features and Benefits:
II. Fire Extinguishers for Instrument Rooms
Instrument rooms typically house delicate and precision-based equipment. The fire hazards are primarily due to electrical malfunctions like short circuits or overloads. The recommended extinguishers are similar to those for power distribution rooms but tailored for the unique needs of these environments:
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Fire Extinguishers
- Highly effective for extinguishing fires without damaging sensitive instruments or leaving residue.
- Preferred in environments like server rooms, control panels, and instrument workshops.
Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) Fire Extinguishers
- Recommended for environments where the highest level of equipment protection is necessary.
- Automated HFC-227ea fire suppression systems are especially useful, as they activate quickly in case of fire without requiring manual intervention.
III. Summary and Recommendations
When selecting fire extinguishers for power distribution rooms and instrument rooms, it is crucial to consider the specific environmental and equipment requirements. Below is a consolidated recommendation:
| Type of Extinguisher | Best Use Case | Advantages | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) | Standard electrical fire scenarios | No residue, high efficiency | Limited to low-voltage applications (<600V) |
| Dry Powder | General-purpose, including high-voltage areas | Affordable, multi-functional | Leaves residue, can harm sensitive equipment |
| Heptafluoropropane (HFC) | High-value equipment, automatic systems | No damage, rapid extinguishing, no residue | Higher cost |
For enhanced fire safety and operational efficiency:
- Power Distribution Rooms: Prioritize CO₂ extinguishers but consider HFC systems for critical facilities. Use dry powder extinguishers for areas with high-voltage installations.
- Instrument Rooms: Opt for CO₂ extinguishers for standard fire protection. Use HFC extinguishers or automated systems for precision-based setups.
Additional Tips for Implementation
- Training: Ensure staff is trained in fire extinguisher operation and aware of the limitations of each type.
- Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain extinguishers to ensure functionality.
- Fire Suppression Systems: Consider installing automated systems like HFC-227ea for areas with minimal human oversight.
By carefully selecting and maintaining the appropriate extinguishers, businesses can safeguard both personnel and valuable assets against the risk of fire.