Instrumentation

Abstract The explosion-proof markings Ex d and Ex db are distinct classifications under different standards for explosion protection in electrical equipment. Ex d refers to the older standard GB3836.2-2010, which specifies requirements for equipment protected by a flameproof enclosure. Ex db, on the other hand, complies with the updated standard GB/T3836.2-2021, also designed for explosive […]

In the field of industrial automation, Distributed Control Systems (DCS) have long played a vital role, often referred to as the “nervous system” of industrial production. They ensure the efficiency and stability of production by centrally monitoring and distributing control across the entire process. However, with the rapid development of technology and the expansion of

In automated production processes, level detection and monitoring play a critical role across various industries, such as food and beverage, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors. From machine cooling to lubrication systems, the ability to monitor liquid levels directly impacts product quality and can even determine whether the production process runs smoothly. For engineers, selecting the appropriate

Calibrating your pH meter is an essential step to ensure accurate and reliable measurement results. By properly calibrating your pH meter, you can improve the precision of readings, which is crucial for various applications in laboratories, industrial processes, and environmental monitoring. Below is a step-by-step guide to calibrating a pH meter: 1. Preparation Clean the

Instrumentation plays a crucial role in the petrochemical industry, providing monitoring, early warning, and indication functions. Improper installation can not only affect the normal operation of the entire project but also pose severe safety risks, potentially leading to hazardous chemical accidents. This document aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the standard guidelines for instrument

The accuracy of measuring instruments directly impacts the quality of a company’s production processes and final products. In manufacturing enterprises, managing these instruments effectively is crucial to ensuring quality control. However, given the sheer volume of measuring instruments—sometimes numbering in the hundreds or thousands—their calibration, maintenance, and management pose significant challenges, especially in medium-to-large-scale manufacturing

In Distributed Control Systems (DCS) and industrial automation, setting up Low-Low (LL) and High-High (HH) alarms is crucial for providing comprehensive safety protection and operational guidance. While Low (L) and High (H) alarms are already in place to signal when process parameters deviate from their normal ranges, LL and HH alarms are introduced to handle

1. Equipment Selection and Installation 1.1. Inadequate Adaptation to Environment: Choosing equipment unsuitable for the working environment, such as neglecting factors like gases, dust, or humidity. Preventive Measure: Conduct a thorough environmental analysis and select equipment certified for the specific gas group and temperature class. 1.2. Improper Installation Location: Installing equipment in areas with vibration,

Introduction Gas flow standard devices are essential instruments used for calibrating and measuring gas flow in various industrial and scientific applications. These devices ensure the accuracy and traceability of gas flow measurements, thereby improving efficiency, safety, and compliance in sectors such as metrology, energy, environmental monitoring, and manufacturing. This article explores the types, working principles,

1. Quick Fault Location & Visual Identification of Abnormalities Instrument curves provide a clear, visual representation of how the measurement values change over time or with other variables. Under normal conditions, these curves should exhibit a relatively stable trend or follow a predictable pattern. However, when a fault occurs, the curve will often display abnormalities,