Instrumentation

With rapid industrialization and urbanization, wastewater discharge has increasingly become a global concern. Wastewater treatment equipment plays a critical role in addressing these issues by purifying wastewater, preventing environmental contamination, and promoting efficient reuse of water resources. Modern wastewater treatment equipment emphasizes automation and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enhance operational efficiency and stability […]

Introduction The proper arrangement of pressure, temperature, and flow instruments, along with valves, in a pipeline system is crucial for accurate measurement, efficient control, and safe operation. Incorrect placement can lead to measurement errors, inefficient system performance, and potential safety hazards. This article outlines the general guidelines and best practices for installing these instruments to

When performing routine checks on a chemical instrument pressure transmitter, the following steps should be followed to ensure its proper functioning and accuracy: 1. Visual Inspection Inspect the transmitter’s exterior for any visible damage, deformation, or corrosion. Ensure that the housing is intact and free from cracks or other physical issues that might compromise its

Introduction Neutral lines play a critical role in modern power systems. They are indispensable for power transmission and distribution, directly influencing both safety and stability. This article explores the definition, importance, alternatives, and the impact of three-phase imbalance on neutral lines, aiming to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of their significance in power systems.

Introduction When working in hazardous areas, a common question arises: Can explosion-proof junction boxes be opened while energized? This seemingly simple question is crucial for both safety and operational efficiency. Many professionals lack a thorough understanding of the specific requirements for different explosion-proof enclosures, leading to potential safety risks. Moreover, selecting and using junction boxes

Introduction When selecting instruments for hazardous areas classified as Zone 2, it is crucial to consider safety standards and the nature of the installation. Two common protection methods for electrical instruments in hazardous environments are intrinsic safety (Ex i) and explosion-proof (Ex d). Understanding their principles, advantages, and limitations helps in making an informed choice.

Introduction Advanced Process Control (APC) technology has been widely adopted in the refining industry, significantly improving efficiency and profitability. However, its benefits are not confined to refining alone. Many other industries can leverage APC to optimize operations, reduce costs, and maximize returns on investment. This article explores the fundamentals of APC, its impact on refining,

When designing and installing electrical systems, it is essential to ensure that the grounding system is safe, efficient, and complies with the standards. This includes selecting the correct color and wire gauge for grounding wires. Proper grounding protects both equipment and individuals from electrical faults and hazards, so it’s critical to understand the rules and

Introduction O-rings, circular cross-section elastic sealing elements, are widely used in both static and dynamic sealing applications due to their simple structure, excellent sealing performance, and cost-effectiveness. In chemical instrumentation, O-rings must endure extreme working conditions, including high temperatures, high pressures, and corrosive media. Therefore, their material selection, design, and installation require a high level

Introduction A potentiometer is an adjustable resistor component widely used in electronic circuits to regulate current, voltage, and signal distribution. Due to its ability to finely tune circuit parameters, potentiometers are crucial in audio equipment, household appliances, industrial control systems, and precision instruments. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the working principles, classifications, applications,