Instrumentation

Cavitation is a significant phenomenon in fluid dynamics that occurs in a variety of industrial applications, particularly in the instrumentation sector. It involves the formation and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles within a liquid, which can have detrimental effects on equipment and systems. Understanding cavitation is crucial for designing and operating reliable and efficient fluid […]

Viscometers are instruments used to measure the viscosity (internal friction) of fluids. Viscosity represents a liquid’s resistance to flow—in simple terms, thicker liquids (e.g., honey) have higher viscosity, while thinner liquids (e.g., water) have lower viscosity. Viscometers play a critical role across various industries, including petroleum, food, coatings, and chemical sectors. This article provides a

Grounding electrodes are a crucial component in control systems, ensuring electrical safety and system stability. Proper installation and maintenance of grounding electrodes help protect equipment from electrical surges, prevent hazardous electric shocks, and ensure reliable system performance. This article provides a detailed step-by-step guide on how to construct effective grounding electrodes for control systems. 1.

Electric motors are critical components in many machines and systems, and when they burn out, it can cause significant downtime and repair costs. There are several reasons why an electric motor might burn out, and understanding these causes can help prevent failures and extend the life of the motor. Below are the seven most common

Automation instruments are crucial in industrial settings, offering functions such as measurement, display, recording, and alarming. However, in real-world production, these instruments can fail due to aging equipment, improper installation, incorrect instrument selection, or mishandling. This leads to reduced measurement accuracy or even complete failure, potentially causing sudden process changes that could harm production safety.

In the field of industrial automation engineering, accurate estimation of input/output (I/O) points and control cabinet quantities is crucial for ensuring a reliable and scalable system design. This article provides detailed principles and methodologies to estimate I/O points and control cabinets effectively. Principles for Estimating I/O Points Equipment Requirement Analysis: Conduct a thorough assessment of

Introduction In the automation control systems of chemical plants, three key terms frequently appear: PV (Process Variable), SV (Setpoint Value), and MV (Manipulated Variable). These terms are commonly used in control loops, instrumentation control systems, and data monitoring. Understanding the relationship between these three variables is crucial for process engineers and operators to ensure stability,

Level measurement is a critical component in industrial processes. Choosing the right level measurement technology is essential for improving operational efficiency, reducing maintenance costs, and ensuring safe operation. Three commonly used level measurement technologies are radar, ultrasonic, and capacitive technologies. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, making them suitable for different applications. This article will

When connecting a thermocouple, it’s essential to ensure that the polarities are correctly matched. If the connections are wrong, the reading on the display could be affected. This article explains how incorrect thermocouple connections can influence the displayed temperature, and whether the error leads to a higher or lower reading. Situation 1: Incorrect Connection Between

Introduction Accurate gas flow measurement is essential in various scientific, industrial, and metrological applications. Among the different types of gas flow standard devices, the bell jar gas flow standard device is widely recognized for its high precision and stability. This article explores the working principles, structure, applications, advantages, and limitations of the bell jar gas