Instrumentation

1. Mechanism of Dust ExplosionsDust consists of fine particles of solid substances, and their surface area is much larger compared to the same weight of bulk material, making them more prone to ignition. When dust is suspended in the air at a certain concentration, it forms an explosive mixture. Upon contact with a heat source […]

In today’s fast-evolving technological landscape, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. Just as the industry starts to grapple with the concepts of Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), we’re already talking about digital twins, big data, and now—artificial intelligence everywhere. But when viewed through the lens of historical development, AI is not a

Time synchronization ensures that multiple devices maintain consistent time, which is critical in many systems and industries. For example, in computer networks, devices like servers and routers rely on precise time synchronization to function efficiently. In distributed systems, inconsistent time across nodes may lead to issues like incorrect data storage sequence or transactional errors. A

Accurate measurement of soil moisture content is critical as it directly influences crop growth by indicating water availability and affects nutrient dissolution, transfer, and microbial activity in soil. Beyond agriculture, soil moisture measurements are essential in engineering and construction projects, including railways, highways, hydroelectric dams, channels, and building foundations. Various methods are utilized by soil

Introduction In modern mechanical engineering, magnetic coupling and fluid coupling are two crucial power transmission methods widely used in various industrial applications. Although both serve the primary function of transmitting power efficiently, they differ significantly in working principles, applicable environments, advantages, and limitations. This article provides an in-depth comparison of these two coupling technologies, offering

A reasonable allocation of instrument maintenance personnel is crucial for ensuring stable operations, reducing downtime, and maintaining process safety. However, the ideal personnel-to-instrument ratio varies significantly depending on several key factors. This article provides a detailed analysis of these influencing elements and offers reference ranges for different industrial scenarios. Key Factors Affecting Maintenance Personnel Allocation

1. Introduction The reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) in industrial flue gas is essential for mitigating environmental pollution and complying with air quality standards. The primary technologies employed for these purposes are Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) and Denitrification. In this article, we will explore the main desulfurization and denitrification techniques, their

Combustible gas detectors typically utilize catalytic combustion, infrared absorption, or thermal conductivity sensors. Due to continuous exposure to environmental factors and operational usage, sensor sensitivity may gradually decrease or become damaged over time, necessitating regular calibration to maintain accuracy and reliability. Calibration of combustible gas detectors generally involves two main processes: zero-point calibration and span

The Graphene Powder Revolution—and Its Hidden Measurement Challenge Graphene powder, composed of single-layer carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb structure, is transforming industries across the globe. Its exceptional strength, conductivity, and flexibility make it a vital material in everything from advanced electronics to energy storage and high-performance composites. However, the handling of graphene powder

In industrial settings where hazardous gases, vapors, or dust may be present—commonly referred to as hazardous areas or explosion-proof zones—electrical and instrumentation installations must strictly comply with safety regulations to prevent ignition sources. A common question arises during design and installation:Is the use of flexible conduit mandatory in explosion-proof areas? The answer is: It depends