Instrumentation

Cable laying standards are essential to ensure the safety, stability, and longevity of cable systems in industrial and infrastructure projects. This guide outlines key procedures and technical considerations, covering pre-installation checks, installation in various environments, cable fixing and spacing, joint and terminal production, and safety precautions. 1. Pre-Installation Preparation 1.1 Cable Inspection Visual Check: Ensure […]

Cable tray installation must comply with specific technical standards to ensure electrical safety, system reliability, and long-term maintainability. This document outlines the key requirements for cable tray layout, installation, and fireproofing in industrial and commercial environments. 1. Route Planning and Layout Principles Coordinate with Building Structure: Cable tray routing should align with architectural design, avoiding

Chemical plants are often regarded as highly automated systems. This is not just a fact; it is a necessity driven by the inherent complexity and uncertainty of chemical processes. The process control systems in these plants rely heavily on feedback mechanisms, particularly the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control loop, which plays a central role in managing plant

1. Major Instrumentation Hazards That Can Lead to Safety Violations According to national standards and petrochemical safety protocols, the following are frequently cited as major safety hazards: Lack of gas detectors (flammable/toxic) at key emission sources. Incorrect selection of gas detectors—wrong gas type or specification. Gas detectors installed but not functioning: power failure, alarm suppression,

01 Main Content of Chemical Process Flow Design The design of the chemical process flow is completed through various stages, including the Process Block Diagram (PBD), simplified Process Flow Sketch (PFS), and Process Flow Diagram (PFD). Process simulation calculations, along with material and energy balances, are performed to ensure accurate process design and efficiency. Equipment

AI calibration and anti-drift technologies—powered by data modeling, dynamic compensation, and intelligent learning—break the traditional trade-off between precision and long-term stability. This article explores how these innovations enable instruments to achieve both high accuracy (“precision”) and consistent performance (“stability”) across five key dimensions: core principles, technical pathways, and real-world applications. I. The Traditional Dilemma: Why

✅ Executive Summary The presence of intrinsic safety barriers (IS barriers) in a system does not eliminate the need for proper cable shield grounding between control cabinets. Shield grounding and IS barrier functions serve different engineering purposes and must both be correctly implemented to ensure signal integrity and system safety. ⚙️ 1. Misconception: “Shield Grounding

The Recurring Problem That Keeps Getting “Corrected” Year After Year “Seal the drain holes!”“No, open them!”For many industrial plants, this back-and-forth has become a frustrating ritual during every inspection. Despite repeated rectifications and compliance efforts, this “small issue” surrounding instrumentation conduit drainage continues to resurface. Why is this happening? Do the standards really say nothing

Understanding the Principles Behind 3-Wire and 4-Wire Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) 1. Overview RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors) measure temperature based on the principle that a metal’s resistance changes with temperature. However, when connecting an RTD to an instrument located at a distance, the resistance of the lead wires can introduce significant measurement errors. To reduce

Abstract:Metrological calibration plays a critical role in ensuring product quality and process compliance. In modern manufacturing and instrumentation environments, two common approaches are adopted: internal calibration (in-house) and external calibration (third-party). This article presents a comprehensive comparison between the two methods, helping manufacturers optimize their calibration strategies. 1. Internal Calibration and Inspection (In-House) Definition:Internal calibration