Instrumentation

In many industrial accidents, the root cause isn’t the equipment itself — it’s a lack of gas detection knowledge.A worker enters a confined space without checking oxygen concentration and passes out due to hypoxia.A chemical plant’s gas alarm goes off by mistake — because the operator confused “PPM” with “mg/m³”.These are not rare mistakes. They […]

Electrical cable entry is a critical aspect of explosion-proof equipment design and installation. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining safety in hazardous environments, such as those containing explosive gases, vapors, or dust. However, improper handling or oversight in this area can lead to severe risks. This article provides an in-depth explanation of common hazards

Stress rupture, exacerbated by corrosion and mechanical damage, is a critical issue in the design, maintenance, and operation of precision instruments. This article delves into the mechanics of stress rupture, the role of corrosion in accelerating material failure, and the contribution of mechanical damage to stress concentration. It concludes with practical strategies for prevention and

Introduction Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is one of the most widely used chemicals in industrial processes, ranging from fertilizer production and petroleum refining to chemical synthesis and wastewater treatment. However, its strong corrosiveness poses a critical challenge for material selection and equipment design. The corrosion behavior of stainless steels in sulfuric acid is primarily governed by

1. Introduction Importance of correct impulse line installation for measurement accuracy, safety, and long-term reliability. Typical consequences of improper installation: gas/liquid accumulation, measurement drift, leakage, or instrument damage. 2. Adaptation to Process Media 2.1 Liquid Service Impulse lines should slope toward the instrument with a minimum gradient of 1:100 to prevent gas accumulation. Pressure tapping

1. Introduction Instrumentation serves as the “nervous system” of industrial automation, while cables and wires act as the “blood vessels” that transmit signals and energy. Proper selection and installation of cables directly affect the stability, accuracy, and reliability of measurement systems.This document introduces four commonly used types of instrumentation cables and provides engineering recommendations. 2.

1. General Provisions 1.1 Purpose This procedure is established to ensure the personal safety of workshop personnel during equipment maintenance, inspection, and commissioning activities. It aims to standardize operational processes, promptly correct unsafe actions, and prevent safety incidents. 1.2 Scope of Application This procedure applies to all personnel in the instrument workshop, including maintenance staff,

1. Background and Rationale Under the principle of “No Work Without a Permit,” field instrumentation personnel often face a dilemma in emergency scenarios: Should they strictly wait for the completion of permit approval before starting work, or Take immediate action to mitigate the risk and potentially violate the rules? Since the introduction of the Work

1. Introduction NAMUR (Normenarbeitsgemeinschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik in der Chemischen Industrie) is a leading German user association that develops important guidelines for process automation. Among its many recommendations, NE 43 and NE 107 are particularly influential in device diagnostics and health monitoring. Although both aim to improve reliability and safety in process industries, they

1. Introduction In industrial automation systems, especially in power plants and petrochemical industries, the 4–20 mA current loop remains the most widely adopted standard for analog signal transmission. Compared with voltage signals (e.g., 0–10 V), the 4–20 mA signal offers superior noise immunity, long-distance transmission capability, and inherent safety, making it the preferred choice in