Instrumentation

1. Introduction In chemical and thermal power industries, instrumentation serves as the “eyes” and “brain” of production. It ensures process safety, reliable monitoring, and stable operation. However, during rainy seasons with frequent thunderstorms, instruments are highly vulnerable to moisture ingress, lightning strikes, and electromagnetic interference.This document summarizes practical measures for rainproofing and lightning protection, providing […]

Introduction After completing the first step of instrument management—establishing a comprehensive and accurate instrument ledger—we hold in hand a precise “map” and “directory” of all devices. However, static data alone cannot ensure reliability. The true value of the ledger lies in transforming this information into systematic actions. The second step of instrument management is to

Introduction In operational management and control optimization, I have always emphasized the importance of cross-departmental collaboration and collective problem-solving. A plant that is running steadily already has effective methods in place; what is often missing is a mechanism to identify these methods, standardize them, and then automate them. Advanced tools are not the core contradiction,

Abstract Gas leak detectors are critical instruments for ensuring workplace safety, preventing environmental pollution, and protecting human health. However, their accuracy degrades over time due to sensor aging, environmental conditions, or frequent use. Regular calibration is not just a maintenance task—it is a rigorous metrological activity that ensures measurement traceability and reliability. This article explains

1. Introduction Purpose of instrument insulation boxes in harsh environments. Common problems caused by improper selection (temperature instability, water ingress, frequent maintenance). Importance of correct design, materials, and heating system. 2. Core Technical Requirements 2.1 Dimensions and Structure Standard size: 600(H) × 600(W) × 500(D) mm; optional: 800(H) × 600(W) × 500(D) mm. Removable structure

1. Introduction In the design and operation of chemical installations, the choice of instrumentation is not only related to production efficiency but also to intrinsic safety. In hazardous areas such as Zone 2, the explosion protection type of field instruments becomes a key decision. This article compares Intrinsically Safe (IS) and Explosion-Proof (Ex-d) instruments from

1. Definition of Surge A surge (also called a transient overvoltage/overcurrent) refers to a short-duration pulse that appears on power or signal lines. Time scale: From nanoseconds to milliseconds. Amplitude: Peak values often exceed more than twice the steady-state voltage/current. Waveform: Typical waveforms include 1.2/50 μs voltage waves and 8/20 μs current waves. Essentially, a

Introduction High-risk process units in the chemical industry refer to facilities that involve highly reactive chemical processes (e.g., nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, strong oxidation, diazotization, and hydrogenation) or operate under extreme conditions such as high temperature (≥300 ℃), high pressure (≥10 MPa), and cryogenic environments (≤−29 ℃).In addition, high-risk storage units are facilities for storing toxic

Introduction Relays are essential components in modern industrial automation and power systems. They act as switching and protection devices, enabling safe and efficient control of electrical circuits. Depending on the application—whether for signal amplification, overload protection, safety shutdown, or high-frequency switching—different types of relays are used. This article provides a structured overview of the most

In industrial process automation, not every plant requires advanced control strategies. In many cases, well-tuned PID loops and simple control logic implemented in the DCS are sufficient to achieve stable and efficient operation. However, for more complex processes, relying only on PID optimization can be inadequate, and advanced process control (APC) becomes necessary. 1. Cases