Instrumentation

Gaskets are commonly used components in industrial equipment. But have you installed them properly? Incorrect installation can lead to gasket damage and even hazardous situations. Below is a step-by-step guide to ensure correct gasket installation. Tools You’ll Need for Installation Before starting, make sure to prepare the following tools: A calibrated torque wrench, hydraulic tightening […]

1. What is Sampling? Sampling refers to the process of measuring and recording a continuous-time analog signal at fixed intervals, thereby converting the continuous-time signal into a discrete-time sequence. Sampling transforms the time axis from a continuous domain into an integer-indexed domain, allowing the signal to be processed by digital systems. The sampling rate is

In the chemical industry, measuring the liquid level in sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) storage tanks has long been a challenging issue. Due to its strong corrosiveness, tendency to crystallize, and steam emissions, traditional instruments often “fail” in such conditions. In this article, we’ll explore how to address this challenge. Key Physical Parameters for Monitoring Sodium

Components of Process Control Instruments Transmitter UnitThe transmitter unit converts measured parameters (such as set parameters in an automatic control system) into standardized signals for indication, recording, or control. Common types of transmitters include pressure transmitters, differential pressure transmitters, flow transmitters, temperature transmitters, differential temperature transmitters, and level transmitters.Transmitters can be categorized into two types

In industrial settings, it’s common to hear statements like: “The equipment is still running, why shut it down?” “If we shut it down now, who will bear the loss?” “It was just repaired last year, why is it failing again?” These questions are heard every day. But what’s more difficult is the aftermath of an

When engineers first look at a piping or P&ID drawing, one thing becomes immediately noticeable:there are not many words, but there are many letter combinations. These letters are what we commonly call valve and piping codes.At first glance, they may look complicated, but in reality, they are simply a compact way of expressing technical information.

A Practical Guide to Flow Measurement and Flowmeter Selection Introduction Why does an electromagnetic flowmeter become less accurate when measuring sludge-containing wastewater?Why does a steam flow measurement still fluctuate badly even when an imported differential pressure transmitter is installed?Why does an oval gear flowmeter measuring lubricating oil seize after only a few months of operation?

1. Instrument Body and Accessories Inspection 1.1 Pressure Gauges / Differential Pressure Gauges Inspection Points: Check whether there is condensation, water droplets, or moisture inside the gauge. Ensure the pointer is intact, without falling off, sticking, or abnormal movement. Confirm the dial scale is clear and legible. Inspect the gauge body for deformation, mechanical damage,

In industrial automation, the comparison between PROFIBUS and PROFINET has been discussed for decades.Both communication technologies are defined and maintained by PI (PROFIBUS & PROFINET International) and belong to the same IEC standard family. While they share continuity in engineering philosophy and configuration concepts, their technical architectures represent two different generations of industrial communication systems.

In engineering and scientific fields, “signals” typically refer to a function that conveys information through variation with respect to some independent variable, most commonly time. The function’s values can represent physical quantities such as voltage, current, light intensity, sound pressure, or electromagnetic field strength. Analog Signals An analog signal is one that varies continuously in