PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) installation and wiring are critical processes in ensuring the reliable operation of an automated control system....

Introduction Force and torque measurement are foundational to industrial automation, materials testing, and structural monitoring. Two common sensor technologies dominate...

The millimeter-wave radar level meter is a radar level meter that operates in the millimeter-wave frequency band and has been...

Introduction In modern industries such as manufacturing, scientific research, and healthcare, the accuracy of instruments directly impacts product quality, data...

1. Introduction In the semiconductor industry, precision, repeatability, and reliability are not just desirable—they are essential. As wafer sizes increase...

Accurately measuring liquid levels is crucial in various industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and power generation. Two...

Electromagnetic flowmeters are precise instruments used in various industries for flow measurement. Proper installation is critical to ensure accuracy, reliability,...

1. Background In a 1 million tons/year Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit, the regenerated catalyst slide valve (commonly referred to...

In the field of industrial automation, interlock logic diagrams act as the “safety brain” of a system—precisely controlling equipment startup/shutdown,...

Intrinsically Safe (IS) Instruments are critical safety devices designed for use in hazardous environments where explosive gases, vapors, or dust...