Introduction In industrial automation and process control, the 4-20mA current loop has become the standard method for transmitting analog signals....

1. Petrochemical Sector Underground Crude Oil Storage Monitoring For large, buried crude oil tanks, top-mounted magnetic level gauges offer real-time...

Introduction In industrial applications, selecting the right pressure transmitter requires careful consideration of multiple critical specifications and parameters. Choosing the...

Oil tank calibration and measurement are crucial processes in the storage, transportation, and sale of petroleum products. Accurate measurement ensures...

Sensor technology has made significant advancements since its inception in the early 20th century. Initially, basic mechanical and electrical sensors...

Introduction When conducting a specific measurement task, the first step is to determine the most suitable type of sensor. This...

Bimetallic thermometers are widely used in industrial, laboratory, and commercial applications due to their reliability, simplicity, and mechanical robustness. However,...

In the paper manufacturing industry, controlling environmental conditions—especially temperature and humidity—is a critical factor that directly impacts product quality, stability,...

Introduction Liquefied hydrocarbon storage is a critical component in petrochemical and industrial operations. Sphere tanks, commonly used for storing liquefied...

Thermocouples are widely used temperature measurement devices in various industries due to their simplicity, durability, and wide temperature range. They...