In the petroleum and petrochemical industry, storage tanks are critical infrastructure for holding crude oil, refined products, and various liquid...

Nitrogen blanketing is a protective technique widely used in industries such as chemical manufacturing, oil & gas, pharmaceuticals, and food...

In modern industrial environments, instrumentation devices are frequently exposed to complex electromagnetic conditions. Radiated electromagnetic immunity, a key component of...

Glass tube level gauges are widely used in industrial liquid level monitoring due to their simplicity, visibility, and low cost....

K-type thermocouples are composed of Nickel-Chromium alloy (positive leg) and Nickel-Silicon alloy (negative leg). Their thermoelectric performance varies significantly with...

Electromagnetic flow meters are widely used in various industries for their accuracy and reliability. However, in applications involving contaminated or...

Thermocouples are widely used for industrial temperature measurement. However, incorrect wiring—especially reversed polarity—can lead to misleading readings. This article explains...

In high-voltage power systems, circuit breakers and disconnect switches are two critical components used for electrical control and isolation. Although...

1. Fundamental Principle Differential pressure (DP) flow meters operate on the throttling principle, derived from the Bernoulli equation. They calculate...

Natural water bodies—such as rivers, lakes, and estuaries—often exhibit dynamic water level fluctuations due to rainfall, tides, and upstream reservoir...