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I/O Allocation Principles and I/O Point Calculation Method for DCS Control Systems

PLC /

1. General Principles for I/O Allocation 1.1 Redundancy Principle To comply with the single-fault tolerance requirement, redundant devices should be assigned to different controllers or I/O modules to ensure that failure in one does not affect the entire system. 1.2 Power Isolation Principle DO points may have different power sources (e.g., 24VDC or 220VAC, powered […]

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Are Protective Earthing and Enclosure Grounding the Same Thing?

Instrumentation /

In the world of industrial automation and electrical safety, terms like protective earthing (PE) and enclosure grounding are often used interchangeably. However, while they may physically share the same grounding point, their purposes, design principles, and regulatory implications are fundamentally different. Understanding this distinction is crucial for engineers, electricians, and system integrators alike. ✅ What

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Selection Guide for Chemical Instrumentation: Principles, Scenarios, and Pitfalls

Instrumentation /

Chemical instrumentation plays a vital role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of chemical production processes. Proper selection must comprehensively consider process conditions, media characteristics, environmental requirements, measurement accuracy, and more. This guide presents the core logic and key steps for instrument selection in chemical industries. 1. Define Process Requirements: Start with the Measurement

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Mounting Errors in Load Cells: Types, Consequences, and Fixes

Sensors /

Introduction Even the most accurate load cell will fail to perform if it’s not mounted correctly. In fact, improper installation is the #1 reason for unreliable, unstable, or inaccurate weighing system performance. This article highlights the most common load cell mounting errors, their effects on measurement accuracy, and how to avoid or correct them. 1.

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Practical PI Tuning for Liquid Level Control: A New Approach Based on Filling Time

PLC /

1. Introduction In process industries, liquid level is a typical integrating process variable, representing the physical balance of inflows and outflows in a vessel. Due to its integrating nature, level control loops often exhibit a unique set of challenges when applying conventional PID tuning methods—especially regarding the integral time. One of the most common issues

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Comprehensive Analysis of Causes for Abnormal Readings in Float Level Indicators: Case Studies and Solutions

Level meter /

In industrial production processes, float level indicators are commonly used instruments for measuring liquid levels. Accurate readings are critical for stable operations, and any abnormalities in level indication can lead to production issues and quality control problems. This article explores the possible causes of abnormal float level indicator readings and provides practical case studies to

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Key Features of Flange-Type Level Transmitters

Pressure Transmitter /

1. OverviewFlange-type level transmitters are widely used in industrial processes for continuous level measurement in various storage tanks, vessels, and reaction containers. These instruments are commonly applied in sectors such as metallurgy, chemical processing, environmental protection, electric power, pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals, textiles, food and beverage, and municipal engineering. Their popularity is closely related to

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Key Considerations for Selecting a Magnetic Flip Plate Level Gauge

Level meter /

Magnetic flip plate level gauges, also known as magnetic level indicators, are widely used in industrial processes for monitoring and controlling liquid levels in tanks and vessels. These devices offer reliable, continuous level measurement, even in challenging environments. To ensure optimal performance, it’s important to carefully select a magnetic flip plate level gauge that suits

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Pressure Gauges in Cold Storage Environments: Challenges and Solutions

Pressure Transmitter /

In the specialized environment of cold storage, accurate pressure measurement is critical to the stable operation of refrigeration systems and the safe preservation of stored goods. However, the low temperature and high humidity conditions commonly found in cold storage facilities pose significant challenges to the performance and reliability of pressure gauges. Understanding how pressure gauges

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