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1. Introduction In industries such as petroleum, chemical, food, and pharmaceuticals, viscosity is a critical parameter for evaluating product performance and controlling production processes. The viscometer, as the core measurement tool, directly determines the stability of product quality and the reliability of research data.Therefore, regular calibration and verification of viscometers form the cornerstone of enterprise […]

1. Common Electrical Instruments 1.1 Multimeter Purpose: Used to measure DC/AC voltage, current, resistance, and in advanced models, capacitance, inductance, and power. Main Components: Indicator section: moving-coil meter (meter head). Measuring circuits: shunt, divider, rectifier. Switching device: selects measurement type and range. Usage Guidelines: Correctly connect test leads (red to “+”, black to “–”). Select

Abstract Thermal automation instruments and chemical automation instruments both belong to the broader category of industrial automation instruments, serving as key enablers for process monitoring and control. While they share a common foundation in principles, functions, and architecture, they also exhibit distinct differences due to variations in process media, application scenarios, and control objectives. This

Introduction In industrial equipment management, Preventive Maintenance (PM) and Predictive Maintenance (PdM) are two commonly adopted strategies. While the two terms differ by only a single word, they represent fundamentally different approaches to equipment reliability. This article compares their definitions, advantages, limitations, and suitable applications, helping enterprises choose the right maintenance strategy—or a combination of

Introduction In an instrumentation and control engineering project, the project documentation package is one of the core deliverables. It records all required documents throughout the entire lifecycle—design, procurement, installation, commissioning, and handover. A well-structured document set not only guides project execution but also ensures quality, safety, and regulatory compliance. 1. Design Documentation Design documents provide