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Why Radar Level Transmitters Often Provide Inaccurate Readings – Causes and Practical Solutions

Level meter /

Abstract Radar level transmitters are widely used in chemical storage tanks, wastewater basins, and bulk solids silos. However, many engineers complain about unstable readings, false alarms, or persistent measurement errors. This article explains the underlying principles, highlights common mistakes, and provides practical guidelines to ensure accurate radar level measurement in real-world applications. 1. Working Principle […]

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The Role and Importance of Temperature Transmitters in Industrial Applications

Temperature transmitter /

1. Introduction In modern industrial production, transmitters have become an indispensable category of measuring instruments. By integrating transmitters into traditional equipment, operators can achieve easier operation and maintenance, enhanced accuracy, and improved safety performance.In automated control systems, transmitters are considered a critical component, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the entire system. Temperature is

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Compliance Requirements for Tank Level Measurement

Tank /

1. Why Redundancy Is Essential Storage tanks usually contain hazardous media such as oil, acids/alkalis, liquid chlorine, or liquefied hydrocarbons. Any leakage can lead to catastrophic accidents.Therefore, regulations mandate redundant level measurement systems: At least two instruments based on different principles (e.g., radar + vibrating level switch) must be installed as backups. Independent alarm and

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Understanding SIS, SIF, SIL, SILa, and SIL0: Key Components of Industrial Safety Systems

PLC /

In industrial processes, ensuring safety and preventing catastrophic failures are paramount. Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) and their associated functions and assessments, such as Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF) and Safety Integrity Levels (SIL), play a critical role in managing and mitigating risk. Here, we’ll discuss these terms in detail, including the distinctions between them and their

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Chemical Instrumentation Selection: A Practical Guide

Instrumentation /

Selecting the right instrumentation is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety, stability, and efficiency of chemical processes. The selection process must take into account a variety of factors, such as process conditions, medium characteristics, environmental requirements, and measurement precision. This guide outlines the key steps and considerations to help streamline the selection process. 1.

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Key Requirements for PLC Installation: Essential Guidelines for Instrumentation Engineers

PLC /

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are designed to operate reliably in industrial environments, but proper installation practices are critical to ensure long-term stability, safety, and maintainability. This document summarizes the key requirements for PLC installation, covering environmental conditions, grounding, cabinet setup, commissioning, redundancy testing, program backup, and software maintenance. 1. Environmental Requirements Enclosure: Install PLCs in

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Comparative Analysis of Orifice Plates and Nozzles in Differential Pressure Flow Measurement

Flow meter /

Abstract Orifice plates and nozzles are two of the most widely used primary elements in differential pressure (DP) flow measurement. Both create a localized constriction in the pipeline to generate a pressure drop, which is then related to flow rate using Bernoulli’s and continuity equations. Despite sharing the same principle, they differ significantly in geometry,

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Self-Optimizing Control (SOC): Rethinking Process Optimization in Chemical Systems

Instrumentation /

In large-scale chemical control systems, a typical structure involves a hierarchical separation of control and optimization layers based on time scales. The system is divided as follows: Basic Control (seconds) Advanced Control (minutes) Real-time Optimization (hours) Scheduling (days/weeks) Planning (months/years) This separation simplifies complex problems by addressing different time scales in distinct layers. Can Advanced

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Can Four-Wire Instruments Be Designed as Intrinsically Safe?

Instrumentation /

Abstract In hazardous-area automation projects, the choice of explosion-proof type is a fundamental engineering decision. While two-wire transmitters are commonly designed as intrinsically safe (Ex i), engineers often ask whether four-wire instruments can also achieve intrinsic safety. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis from the perspectives of power consumption, energy limitations, international standards, and engineering

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Why Steam Measurement with Averaging Pitot Tube Flowmeters Always Shows Errors

Flow meter /

Abstract Averaging Pitot tube flowmeters are often applied in steam measurement due to their simple structure and low pressure loss. However, when used for wet steam, they frequently produce significant measurement errors. This paper analyzes the mechanism of error generation, highlights the impact of incorrect installation, and provides practical recommendations for improving accuracy. It also

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