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Abstract The accuracy and reliability of process measurement systems depend not only on the instrument’s design but also on the quality of its installation. In practice, however, inadequate experience, lack of supervision, or misunderstanding of standards often lead to installation errors. Such mistakes may cause measurement deviations, equipment malfunction, or even safety hazards. This article […]

1. Introduction Gaskets are essential sealing elements widely applied in chemical plants, pipelines, and pressure vessels. Their performance directly affects the tightness, safety, and reliability of the system. According to the material and construction, gaskets can be divided into non-metallic gaskets, metallic gaskets, and metal composite gaskets. 2. Non-Metallic Gaskets 2.1 Rubber Gaskets Natural Rubber

1. Introduction In chemical and thermal power industries, instrumentation serves as the “eyes” and “brain” of production. It ensures process safety, reliable monitoring, and stable operation. However, during rainy seasons with frequent thunderstorms, instruments are highly vulnerable to moisture ingress, lightning strikes, and electromagnetic interference.This document summarizes practical measures for rainproofing and lightning protection, providing

Introduction After completing the first step of instrument management—establishing a comprehensive and accurate instrument ledger—we hold in hand a precise “map” and “directory” of all devices. However, static data alone cannot ensure reliability. The true value of the ledger lies in transforming this information into systematic actions. The second step of instrument management is to