1. Introduction A Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) is a key device in industrial automation and remote monitoring systems. It converts physical signals into digital data and transmits them to the central control system. Within the RTU architecture, Input/Output (I/O) modules act as the critical bridge between field devices and the control center, enabling both data […]
RTU Input and Output (I/O) Modules Explained Read More »
1. Explosion-Proof Requirements All electronic instruments installed in hazardous areas shall comply with IEC 60079 or GB 3836 standards, and must be certified with valid national explosion-proof certificates. 1.1 Zone 0: Use intrinsically safe instruments (EEx i) with isolation-type safety barriers. 1.2 Zone 1 & Zone 2: Explosion-proof type (EEx d) shall be the first
Technical Specification for Instrumentation Safety and Installation Read More »
1. Functional Positioning Throttling Orifice Plate: Core component of differential-pressure flow measurement systems. Works with differential pressure transmitters and pressure taps. Its primary function is to generate a pressure drop across the orifice, establishing a quantitative flow–pressure relationship (ISO 5167 standard). Suitable for accurate measurement of single-phase fluids (liquid, gas, steam). Restriction Orifice Plate: Flow/pressure
Comparison Between Throttling Orifice Plates and Restriction Orifice Plates Read More »
1. Explosion-Proof Selection of Field Instruments All electronic instruments installed in hazardous areas shall meet the explosion-proof requirements of the designated zone and comply with IEC 60079 or GB 3836 standards, and shall hold valid national explosion-proof certificates. 1.1 Zone 0Instruments shall be intrinsically safe type (Ex i) and connected through isolated safety barriers. 1.2
Fire Protection Special Section – Instrumentation Read More »
1. Instrument Selection and Installation Standards 1.1 Matching Process Conditions Select instrument materials based on medium characteristics such as temperature, pressure, and corrosiveness (e.g., 316L stainless steel, PTFE lining). In explosive environments, use explosion-proof instruments certified by ATEX/IECEx. 1.2 Installation Guidelines Avoid strong electromagnetic interference: keep away from motors and variable-frequency drives; route signal cables
Preventive Measures for Instrument Failures in Chemical Plants Read More »
Abstract The accuracy and reliability of process measurement systems depend not only on the instrument’s design but also on the quality of its installation. In practice, however, inadequate experience, lack of supervision, or misunderstanding of standards often lead to installation errors. Such mistakes may cause measurement deviations, equipment malfunction, or even safety hazards. This article
Common Installation Errors in Industrial Instrumentation and Their Prevention Read More »
1. Introduction Temperature is one of the most fundamental and widely measured physical parameters in industrial and daily life processes. Accurate temperature measurement and control are critical for ensuring product quality, improving production efficiency, conserving energy, and guaranteeing safety. Among all types of transmitters, temperature transmitters occupy a leading position in terms of quantity and
Applications and Significance of Temperature Transmitters Read More »
Differential pressure (DP) transmitters are commonly used for flow measurement in various industrial applications. The principle is rooted in Bernoulli’s equation and the relationship between pressure differentials and flow rates in fluid dynamics. Here, we’ll explore the detailed workings of DP transmitters, the types of primary devices involved, and practical considerations for their use. Principle
How Differential Pressure Transmitters Measure Flow Read More »
1. Introduction Gaskets are essential sealing elements widely applied in chemical plants, pipelines, and pressure vessels. Their performance directly affects the tightness, safety, and reliability of the system. According to the material and construction, gaskets can be divided into non-metallic gaskets, metallic gaskets, and metal composite gaskets. 2. Non-Metallic Gaskets 2.1 Rubber Gaskets Natural Rubber
Common Gaskets Used in Chemical Industry Read More »
1. Introduction In chemical and thermal power industries, instrumentation serves as the “eyes” and “brain” of production. It ensures process safety, reliable monitoring, and stable operation. However, during rainy seasons with frequent thunderstorms, instruments are highly vulnerable to moisture ingress, lightning strikes, and electromagnetic interference.This document summarizes practical measures for rainproofing and lightning protection, providing
Practical Measures for Rainproof and Lightning Protection of Industrial Instruments Read More »
