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Understanding the Differences Between Explosion-Proof Types: Flameproof (Ex d), Intrinsically Safe (Ex i), and Combined Flameproof and Intrinsically Safe (Ex d + Ex i)

In industrial and hazardous environments, the use of electrical equipment must adhere to strict safety standards to prevent any potential ignition of explosive gases, vapors, or dust. To meet these requirements, specialized explosion-proof types of equipment are used, each designed to function under specific conditions and safety principles. The most common types are flameproof (Ex […]

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How to Become a Competent Instrumentation Technician

Becoming a skilled instrumentation technician requires a blend of theoretical knowledge, practical experience, and a commitment to safety and precision. Below is a detailed guide on how to develop the skills and attributes necessary to excel in this field. 1. Foundational Knowledge and Theoretical Understanding A strong base in core principles is essential for any

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Solving the Long-Standing Problem of Water Ingress in Instrument Wiring

Water ingress at wiring terminals is one of the most persistent and damaging issues in outdoor instrumentation and control systems. Studies show that over 30% of equipment failures are caused by moisture penetrating wiring junctions, leading to corroded contacts, insulation aging, short circuits, and signal interruptions. Now, a new solution has emerged: the next-generation waterproof

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How to Calibrate a Pressure Gauge Accurately: 10 Key Factors to Consider

Introduction Pressure gauges are among the most widely used instruments in industrial applications. Like any measurement device, they require periodic calibration to maintain accuracy and ensure safe, reliable operation. At its core, pressure gauge calibration involves applying a known reference pressure and comparing it with the gauge’s reading. The difference between the applied and indicated

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Understanding Switch, Analog, and Digital Signals: Characteristics and Applications

In the realm of electronics, automation, and computer control, understanding the types of signals used for communication and processing is essential. The three primary types of signals are switch signals (referred to as switch quantities), analog signals, and digital signals. Each plays a vital role in different applications, providing specific advantages depending on the system’s

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How to Maintain a Submersible Level Transmitter: A Complete Guide for Reliable Measurement

Introduction Submersible level transmitters, also known as hydrostatic level sensors, are widely used for monitoring liquid levels in tanks, wells, reservoirs, and treatment facilities. Whether applied in clean water, wastewater, oil, or corrosive chemicals, proper maintenance is essential to ensure accurate readings and long-term reliability. In this article, we’ll walk you through key maintenance tips,

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Material Selection for Instruments in Sulfuric Acid Service

1. Introduction In chemical processing environments, corrosion of instrumentation is often a direct result of inadequate material resistance to the working medium. Among the most aggressive chemical agents is sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), which poses unique challenges to material selection due to its varying corrosive behavior across different concentrations and temperatures. To ensure long-term reliability and

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Is RS-485 Reliable? It All Depends on Loop Impedance

RS-485 communication is widely used in industrial control and building automation due to its differential transmission, long-distance capability, and strong noise immunity. However, one critical factor often overlooked is loop impedance. Poor impedance design can lead to packet loss, communication errors, and frustrating troubleshooting. This guide breaks down what loop impedance is, why it matters,

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Tungsten-Cobalt Alloy Wear-Resistant Thermocouple

🔧 Overview The tungsten-cobalt alloy wear-resistant thermocouple is a specialized temperature sensing device designed for harsh conditions involving intensive abrasion, high temperatures, and particulate erosion. By using a WC-Co (tungsten carbide–cobalt) alloy as the protective sheath or sensing tip, it offers enhanced durability compared to traditional thermocouples. This document covers the structure, application scenarios, selection

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🔧 Understanding Back Pressure in Industrial Systems: Functions, Adjustment Methods, and Safety Considerations

Back pressure, as the name implies, refers to the static pressure that exists on the downstream side of a flow system. It represents a form of resistance against the direction of fluid flow and plays a crucial role in various industrial processes involving liquids or gases. This article explains what back pressure is, its key

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