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Top 10 Essential PLC Knowledge Every Engineer Should Know

PLC /

With the rise of Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing, and digital twin technologies, PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) have evolved from traditional logic controllers to core control units capable of data processing and intelligent decision-making. They not only determine the “operation logic” of production lines but also support the safety, stability, and scalability of entire automation systems. […]

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Why Pressure Transmitter Diaphragms Require Gold Coating for Hydrogen Measurement

Pressure Transmitter /

When measuring hydrogen gas with a pressure transmitter, it is common to coat the stainless-steel diaphragm with a thin layer of gold. This may seem unnecessary at first glance, but the reason lies in the unique properties of hydrogen and its interaction with stainless steel. Below, we explore the scientific and practical reasons for this

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Difference Between Surge Protectors and Lightning Arresters

PLC /

Surge protectors and lightning arresters are critical components in protecting electrical systems from overvoltages and transient currents. While they may seem similar in their roles, their applications, operational principles, and targeted protections are distinct. This article delves into their differences in greater detail. 1. Definition and Primary Function Surge Protector A surge protector is a

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Don’t Confuse “Accuracy” and “Accuracy Class” in Instruments!

Instrumentation /

In the selection and calibration of instruments, we often hear discussions like: “This pressure transmitter is 0.5 class, the accuracy should be fine” or “The measurement result is off by 0.2 kPa, the accuracy of this instrument is poor.” However, these statements confuse two crucial concepts: Accuracy and Accuracy Class. While they are related, they

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Applications of Mass Flow Meters in the Petrochemical Industry: A Comprehensive Guide

Flow meter /

Mass flow meters play a crucial role in accurately measuring multi-phase fluid mass flow. Their key advantages—insensitivity to changes in temperature, pressure, and viscosity—make them indispensable in the petrochemical industry, spanning the entire production chain from crude oil extraction to the dispatch of finished products. These meters are especially well-suited for high-temperature, high-pressure, corrosive, and

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How to Choose the Right Pneumatic Control Valve

Valve /

Pneumatic control valves are essential components in industrial automation systems. They regulate process parameters like flow rate, pressure, and temperature by receiving pressure signals (usually 0.02-0.1 MPa or 3-15 psi) from controllers (such as DCS or PLC). The selection of the right pneumatic control valve is crucial for system efficiency and performance. Below, we categorize

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The Importance and Process of Calibration and Testing for Paperless Recorders

Instrumentation /

In various fields such as industrial automation, pharmaceutical production, and environmental monitoring, paperless recorders have gradually replaced traditional chart recorders due to their powerful data acquisition, storage, retrieval, and analysis functions. As the “data black box” of production processes, the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the data recorded are paramount. To ensure this “trustworthy” data,

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When Is HAZOP Analysis Required in Chemical Process Safety?

Instrumentation /

Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis is one of the most essential tools in process safety management.However, many companies still struggle to determine when it must be conducted — is it mandatory only during design? Should it be repeated during operation? What if personnel or process conditions change? This article summarizes key regulatory requirements and practical

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Understanding SFC in PLC Programming: The Language That Makes Logic Visible

PLC /

In the world of PLC programming, most engineers are familiar with Ladder Diagram (LAD) and Structured Text (ST or SCL).These two have dominated the automation field for decades due to their intuitive representation and widespread support. However, the IEC 61131-3 standard defines five programming languages for PLCs—and among them lies a powerful yet often overlooked

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Pressure Gauge Classification and Calibration Cycles: A Detailed Overview

Pressure /

Pressure gauges are essential instruments widely used in various industries to measure and monitor pressure. To ensure their reliability and accuracy, pressure gauges are classified based on their precision and application, and they require periodic calibration. This article delves into the classification of pressure gauges and provides a comprehensive explanation of their calibration cycles. Classification

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