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Introduction In industrial automation, smart devices, and measurement & control systems, sensors serve as the key bridge connecting the “physical world” with the “digital system.” As the critical component interacting directly with the object being measured, the sensor’s performance determines the accuracy of subsequent signal processing and control decisions. Definition, Role, and Core Concept Definition

Despite being considered “low-tech” or overly simple by some engineers, the dominance of PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers in the industrial control domain remains unchallenged. There are several reasons for this enduring supremacy, which are outlined below: 1. Simple yet Effective PID controllers are based on a simple mathematical model, making them easy to understand and implement.

In the design and installation of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS), one seemingly “convenient” practice—routing Digital Input (DI) and Digital Output (DO) signals through the same multi-core cable—may present serious risks. Did you know that this wiring method is not only discouraged, but also prohibited in many high-reliability environments? In this article, we will explore the

Steam is one of the most widely used energy carriers in industrial processes. From food processing and pharmaceuticals to chemical plants, paper mills, and power generation, steam plays a crucial role as both a heat transfer medium and a source of mechanical energy. This article provides a system-level overview of how a steam and condensate

1. General Concept of DCS System A Distributed Control System (DCS) is a computer-based control system used for industrial process automation. It combines distributed control units (at the field level) with a centralized operation and monitoring system (at the upper level) to achieve real-time measurement, control, alarm handling, trend analysis, and management of production processes.