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A Practical Engineering Guide for Process Automation and Instrumentation Systems In industrial automation—especially in plants involving hazardous areas, field instrumentation, and PLC/DCS systems—two devices frequently appear in the same cabinet: intrinsically safe barriers (safety barriers) and signal isolators.Although their appearance and wiring layout may look similar, their engineering purposes, operating principles, and compliance requirements are […]

Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs), such as PT100 sensors, often show differences between the temperature measured at the field and the value displayed in the control room. These deviations are mainly caused by signal transmission losses, wiring conditions, environmental effects, and instrumentation accuracy. The detailed explanation is as follows. 1. Transmission-Related Errors (Primary Cause) RTDs measure

Instrument installation often encounters challenging environments such as flammable or explosive atmospheres, high-dust areas, high-temperature and high-humidity locations, strong electromagnetic fields, or extremely cold regions.In hazardous areas, improper installation may lead to ignition sources, equipment failure, or safety incidents.Therefore, strict compliance with installation requirements is essential. 18 Core Requirements for Instrument Installation in Hazardous Locations

Signal drift is one of the most frustrating issues in industrial automation.It won’t trip the system, won’t raise alarms, and won’t obviously fail — it simply “moves a little” over time. A slow slope appears in the trend, the analog value gradually shifts, and the PID loop starts behaving strangely.Engineers may spend days chasing the

“RS485 can reach up to 1200 meters?” — That’s the textbook answer. But in factory workshops, underground cable ducts, or environments with strong electromagnetic interference, even 200 meters might not work. Why? Because theory is ideal, but real-world environments are complex. This article not only provides a detailed comparison of the technical differences between RS232,