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The Principle and Application of Thermal Relays

PLC /

Thermal relays are essential components in electrical systems, widely used for overload protection of motors and other electrical equipment. Their operation is based on the principle of thermal effects caused by electric current. This article delves into their working principle, structure, and practical applications, offering a comprehensive understanding of this indispensable device. Working Principle of […]

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Why Winter Insulation is Critical for Instrumentation and Pipelines in Factories

Instrumentation /

In the winter months, many factories, especially in northern regions, are most concerned not with large equipment, but with the intricate network of pipelines and instrumentation spread throughout the facility. Gas supply pipes may freeze, differential pressure cells may become inaccurate due to ice accumulation, and level measurement lines may become blocked with ice. Even

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The Working Principle of Vortex Flowmeters and the Need for Temperature and Pressure Compensation when Measuring Steam

Flow meter /

1. Working Principle of Vortex Flowmeters Vortex flowmeters operate based on the Kármán vortex street principle. The core mechanism involves detecting the frequency of vortices generated in the fluid to calculate the flow rate. Vortex Formation: In a pipeline, a non-streamlined body (such as a cylindrical or triangular pillar) is placed. As the fluid flows

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Differential Pressure Transmitter: Dry and Wet Capillary Connections

Instrumentation /

A differential pressure transmitter is a widely used instrument in industrial processes. As part of the process control system, it converts the differential pressure (pressure), flow, level, and other process parameters of liquids, gases, or steam into standardized output signals (such as 4-20mA current). These signals are used as input for display instruments, controllers, and

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Understanding Positive Displacement Flowmeters: From Structure to Installation

Flow meter /

Key Components of a Positive Displacement Flowmeter A positive displacement (PD) flowmeter is composed of several essential parts, each serving a distinct function: Measuring Section: This is the core of the flowmeter, consisting of a rotor, housing, and cover plate that form the measurement chamber. When fluid passes through, the rotor spins continuously, with the

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MES System and Its Functional Modules: How MES Connects with Field Instruments

Instrumentation /

Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) play a crucial role in bridging the gap between enterprise-level planning (ERP) and real-time shop-floor operations. By integrating with field instruments, PLCs, and automation devices, MES provides full visibility, traceability, and control across the entire production cycle. This article outlines the key functional modules of an MES system and explains how

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Common Issues to Avoid When Using Ultrasonic Flow Meters

Flow meter /

Ultrasonic flow meters are highly convenient instruments, particularly suitable for measuring flow rates in large-diameter water supply pipelines. Portable ultrasonic flow meters, in particular, offer the advantage of non-invasive measurement by attaching probes to the external surface of pipes, allowing flow rate measurement without interrupting or damaging the existing pipeline. This has made them increasingly

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Selection of Instrument Signal Cables and Explosion-Proof Flexible Conduits

Instrumentation /

The proper selection of instrument signal cables and explosion-proof flexible conduits is crucial in ensuring signal integrity, operational safety, and compliance with relevant standards, particularly in industrial and hazardous environments. This article provides a detailed guide on choosing the right components for your application. I. Instrument Signal Cable Selection Instrument signal cables are used to

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Five Practical Methods to Prevent RS-485 Signal Attenuation

Instrumentation /

RS-485 is one of the most widely used serial communication standards in industrial automation, building control, and security systems. It uses differential signaling, which provides excellent noise immunity and allows multiple devices to share the same bus in a half-duplex topology.Under ideal conditions, RS-485 communication can reach up to 1,200 meters, but actual distance is

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Identifying and Eliminating Oscillations in Control Systems

Instrumentation /

In daily process control operations, periodic oscillations act like an “invisible killer” to equipment health. Even attenuating oscillations subtly accelerate valve wear and other issues. Accurately identifying the type of oscillation, quickly pinpointing its source, and implementing effective solutions are key to improving automation levels and operational stability. This article delves into the identification patterns

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