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Understanding Negative and Positive Migration in Differential Pressure Transmitter Level Measurement

Pressure Transmitter /

In industrial applications, differential pressure transmitters are widely used for liquid level measurement in tanks and containers. During installation and configuration, terms like “negative migration” and “positive migration” often come up. These adjustments are crucial for ensuring accurate measurement. This article explores why negative and positive migration are necessary, how to calculate the migration amount, […]

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Differential Pressure Flow Meters: Principles, Installation, and Applications

Flow meter /

1. Principle of Differential Pressure Flow Measurement When a fluid completely fills a pipeline and flows through a primary element (such as an orifice plate or nozzle), a local constriction is created. This results in an increase in velocity and a decrease in static pressure. Consequently, a differential pressure (DP) forms before and after the

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Single-Flange vs Double-Flange Differential Pressure Level Transmitters: A Comprehensive Comparison

Instrumentation /

In industrial process control, accurate and reliable level measurement is essential for safety, efficiency, and automation. Among various types of level instruments, single-flange and double-flange differential pressure level transmitters are two commonly used solutions in industries such as petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and power generation. This article presents a detailed comparison of these two types of transmitters,

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Understanding Electrical Schematic Diagrams: Structure, Symbols, and Practical Interpretation

Instrumentation /

1. What Is an Electrical Schematic Diagram? An electrical schematic diagram (also known as a wiring diagram or circuit diagram) is a visual representation of an electrical system. It illustrates how various electrical components are connected and how current flows through the system. These diagrams serve as the foundational reference for electrical design, installation, commissioning,

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Analysis of Anti-Interference Measures for DCS Systems

PLC /

Introduction With the advancement of technology, Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are being widely adopted in industrial control applications. The reliability of DCS directly impacts the safety and economic operations of industrial enterprises. A critical factor ensuring the reliable operation of such systems is their anti-interference capability. Interference problems—caused by grounding issues, power disturbances, or lightning—have

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Surge Protective Devices vs. Lightning Terminals: How “Voltage Clamping” and “Grounding” Work Together in Lightning Protection Systems

Instrumentation /

1. Fundamental Differences 1.1 Function and Role Category Surge Protective Device (SPD) Lightning Terminal Core Function Limits transient overvoltages (such as lightning surges or switching transients) on power or signal lines. Ensures reliable electrical connection between lightning arrestors and grounding system to discharge lightning current safely. Target Directly protects electronic equipment or control systems from

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Why Regular Cleaning of the Probe in a Vibrating Rod Level Switch is Essential

Level switch /

A vibrating rod level switch (also known as a tuning fork level switch) is a widely used device in industrial settings to monitor and measure material levels, especially in silos, hoppers, and tanks. This device operates by vibrating a probe (or rod) that interacts with the surrounding material. When the material reaches or covers the

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Common Failures and Troubleshooting of Industrial Temperature Sensors

Temperature transmitter /

Introduction Temperature sensors are instruments that convert temperature variables into standardized output signals, widely used in industrial processes for temperature monitoring and control. Despite their reliability, users—whether engineers, technicians, or maintenance personnel—often encounter various issues during field applications. This article introduces the most common causes of temperature sensor failures and provides practical guidance for troubleshooting

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Ultrasonic Level Sensors in the Food Industry: Working Principle, Features, Applications, and Selection Guide

Level meter /

1. Definition and Working Principle An ultrasonic level sensor is a non-contact liquid level measuring device that works based on the principle of echo reflection. It emits ultrasonic pulses from a transducer, which then reflect off the liquid surface. The time it takes for the echo to return is used to calculate the level: Distance

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