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Understanding the Working Principle of Thermocouples and Common Measurement Issues

Thermocouples /

1. Working Principle of Thermocouples A thermocouple operates based on the Seebeck effect (thermoelectric effect). The core principle is as follows: a closed loop is formed by two different conductors (or semiconductors), A and B. When the two junctions (the hot and cold ends) are at different temperatures, a thermoelectric potential (millivolt-level voltage) is generated […]

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Correct Application of Small Signal Cut-off in Flow Meters: Primary vs. Secondary Tables

Flow meter /

Introduction: A common issue in flow measurement systems is the occurrence of small readings even when no flow is present. This phenomenon, caused by zero drift in the meter, can lead to inaccurate data, false alarms, and interference with control systems. The small signal cut-off feature is designed to address this issue by eliminating these

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Radar Level Transmitters: “How Much Temperature and Pressure Can They Withstand?”

Level meter /

In industries like chemical storage tanks, LNG storage and transportation, and heating systems, level measurement is crucial for ensuring both production safety and process stability. However, complex operating conditions, such as high temperatures, pressures, and strong corrosion, often cause traditional level transmitters, like float and differential pressure devices, to fail. Radar level transmitters, with their

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Common Thread Standards for Electrical Interfaces in Instruments

Thread /

Electrical interfaces in instruments often involve threaded connections for signal cables, pressure sensors, or other components. These threads vary based on regional standards, industry requirements, and specific applications. Below is a detailed overview of the common thread standards used in electrical interfaces for instruments. 1. International Standard Threads NPT (National Pipe Thread) Overview: NPT threads

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V-Cone Flow Meter: Working Principle, Advantages, and Application Guide

Flow meter /

1. Introduction The V-cone flow meter—also known as an internal-cone or V-type cone flow meter—is an advanced differential-pressure flow measurement device first developed in the 1980s. Its introduction is widely regarded as a breakthrough in differential-pressure technology due to its unique throttling structure and exceptional measurement stability. Designed for liquids, gases, and steam, the V-cone

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How to Choose the Right Drive Voltage for Electric Valves: 220V vs. 380V – Key Considerations and Advantages

Valve /

In chemical plants and automated control systems, selecting the correct drive voltage (220V single-phase vs. 380V three-phase) for electric valves directly impacts the stability of the equipment, energy consumption, and maintenance costs. This article explores how to determine the appropriate voltage based on key selection criteria and highlights the core advantages of each voltage level,

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Chemical Equipment: More Than Just “Iron Tanks”

Tank /

The stability, scalability, and long operational cycles of the chemical industry are not built on the process package alone. At its core, it relies on the chemical equipment system that can withstand high temperatures, high pressures, corrosion, erosion, multiphase flow, and complex reaction conditions over time. Chemical equipment is more than just “hardware”—it is an

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Why Radar Level Transmitters Are Ideal for Hygiene-Critical Applications

Level meter /

In industries such as food production and pharmaceuticals, where hygiene standards are of utmost importance, choosing the right level measurement technology is critical. Not only does it impact production efficiency, but it also plays a vital role in ensuring product quality and safety. This article explores why radar level transmitters are the ideal choice for

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The Role and Impact of the Pre-Expander in Material Production

Instrumentation /

In many material production lines, the pre-expander is not the largest or most noticeable piece of equipment. However, experienced technicians often acknowledge that the stability of the pre-expansion stage significantly affects subsequent molding and product quality. The primary function of a pre-expander (Pre-expander) is not simply to increase the size of the material but to

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