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I have gradually come to realize that, when it comes to PID tuning methods, the most important factors are not performance, but simplicity and universality. The Lambda tuning method, after a series of improvements, possesses characteristics that are more suitable for engineering applications. Unlike traditional PID methods, Lambda tuning does not use derivative action, instead […]

In the world of piping systems, PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) is almost a “star material.” Whether it’s flange gaskets or valve seals, it’s frequently used in various applications. However, one recurring question often arises: “What is the maximum temperature PTFE can withstand?” Some claim it’s dangerous to use beyond 150°C, while others confidently say it’s safe up

In the implementation of Distributed Control Systems (DCS) projects, three critical tests—Factory Acceptance Testing (FAT), Site Acceptance Testing (SAT), and Field Integration Testing (FIT)—play vital roles at different stages of the project. These tests ensure that the DCS system operates smoothly and meets the user’s needs. While each test is interrelated, they each focus on

In Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS), Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) are crucial for ensuring that Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF) meet the necessary risk reduction requirements. This article focuses on the Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) method, which is widely used to determine the appropriate SIL for a specific SIF in industrial applications. Introduction to Layer of

In the powder chemical industry, combustible dust explosions are rare but highly destructive “black swan” events. According to Dust Safety Science, between 2016 and 2020, the United States averaged approximately 31.8 dust explosions per year (excluding dust fires), resulting in numerous injuries and significant economic losses annually. I. A Massive Explosion Triggered by a Small