1. Checking
In order to timely discover possible defects or hidden dangers in equipment and devices, the corresponding responsible personnel shall refer to the equipment inspection (or patrol inspection) standards to conduct regular or irregular observation, inspection, and record of the equipment and devices under their jurisdiction.
Note 1: In order to respect the development history, traditional culture and habits of each enterprise, the term “point inspection” can be understood as “point inspection, inspection, patrol inspection, and post inspection”. The method of point inspection is usually a combination of qualitative inspection and quantitative inspection. Enterprises can establish point inspection operation specifications and processes as needed, which may include inspection routes, inspection scopes, inspection items, inspection standards and requirements, inspection cycles, inspection responsibilities, and record requirements.
Note 2: Point inspection is a scientific management method to timely grasp the operating status of equipment and guide equipment status maintenance. The purpose is to discover equipment defects or hidden dangers through point inspections, include them in the maintenance plan, eliminate problems in time within the planned time, and avoid equipment hidden dangers from developing into failures, so as to ensure safe and stable operation of equipment.
2. Inspection
In order to improve safety and reliability and promptly discover possible defects or hidden dangers in equipment and devices, operating personnel regularly observe, inspect, and record the equipment and devices under their jurisdiction.
3. The spot checking of equipment
Equipment inspection is a method of equipment management that uses human senses and detection tools to check equipment regularly at designated locations according to pre-established technical standards.
Other explanations: Inspection behavior that uses the five senses or common tools to diagnose the state of equipment control points and the deterioration trend of accuracy, and proposes improvement measures and scheduled maintenance plans. It includes the implementation of 5S, tightening, adjustment, lubrication and other basic work.
4. Precise spot checking
Precision inspection refers to the use of testing instruments and meters to conduct comprehensive tests and inspections on equipment, or use diagnostic techniques, special instruments, tools or other special methods to measure the vibration, temperature, cracks, deformation, insulation and other state quantities of the equipment without disassembling the equipment, and analyze, compare and judge the measured data against standards and historical records to determine the technical condition and degree of deterioration of the equipment.
5. The measurement of the precision and operation of equipment
The accuracy and performance test of the equipment is to conduct comprehensive accuracy test and performance index test on the equipment according to the pre-established cycle and standards, calculate the technical and economic indicators and performance indicators such as gas consumption, heat consumption, efficiency, power supply coal consumption (water consumption), analyze the degradation points, and evaluate the equipment performance.
6. Three parts affirmance and two affirmance
Three-party confirmation refers to a working method in which the inspection party, maintenance party, and operator jointly conduct on-site confirmation based on the needs of safety measures and quality control during the implementation of inspection and maintenance management. When only any two of the inspection party, maintenance party, and operator are required to conduct on-site confirmation, it is called “two-party confirmation.”
7. The four maintenances of equipment
The “four maintains” of the equipment refer to keeping the equipment’s appearance neat, keeping the equipment’s structure intact, keeping the equipment’s performance and precision, and keeping the equipment’s degree of automation.
8. The management value of equipment
Equipment management value refers to the value of quantitative management of equipment. It is the general term for the quantity (quality and quantity), degree, operating parameters and status of each part, component and item of the equipment. It includes: the material and performance of the parts, the degree of heat treatment, the tolerance, the maintenance cycle of the equipment, the service life of the parts, the brand of grease, the values of various parameters and status during the operation of the equipment, etc.
9. (CBM) condition based maintenance
Detect and collect information and data reflecting the status of the machine.
Note: If a fault or failure occurs, the machine status will deteriorate. The status-based maintenance system is usually called status maintenance or condition-based maintenance in China. This maintenance system has developed with the advancement of fault diagnosis technology. By measuring various parameters of the equipment, the actual status of the equipment can be reflected at any time. The measured parameters can issue an alarm in advance so that appropriate maintenance measures can be taken. The maintenance work of this preventive maintenance method generally does not have a fixed interval. The maintenance technician makes a judgment based on the trend of the monitoring data and then determines the maintenance plan of the equipment.
10. Checking route map
Equipment inspection personnel prepare a route map that is the shortest, easy to remember, and includes all the equipment that needs to be inspected based on the scope of the inspection objects (equipment) they are responsible for. This is called an inspection route map.
11. Checking standard
Refers to the document that specifies the technical requirements for inspection work. The content of the inspection standard includes: inspection equipment, location, judgment criteria, status, tools, cycle, division of labor, records and other requirements.
12. Checking of performance management
The purpose of inspection performance management is to correct and improve inspection goals through regular analysis of inspection performance, identify weak links in equipment or difficult-to-maintain parts, and put forward improvement suggestions to improve the efficiency of equipment inspection operations.
13. P-F interval
The potential failure of equipment refers to some signs before the failure occurs. It is an observable, detectable and identifiable physical state, which indicates that a possible failure is about to occur. Functional failure means that the equipment has lost a certain specified function.
From the perspective of maximizing the reliability and operating efficiency of the equipment, the maintenance activities carried out when the equipment enters the potential failure period but has not yet developed into a functional failure are the most effective. The interval from potential failure to functional failure of equipment is called the P-F interval.
Controlling the degradation trend of equipment depends largely on the grasp of the P-F interval of the equipment.
14. Configuration
Functional and physical characteristics specified in the technical documentation and achieved in the equipment.
15. Configuration identification
Refers to the activities of determining the equipment structure, selecting technical status items, documenting the physical and functional characteristics of the technical status items, their interfaces and subsequent changes, and assigning identification characteristics or codes to the technical status items and corresponding documents.
16. Configuration control
After the technical status document is formally established, all activities to evaluate, coordinate, approve or disapprove, and implement changes to the technical status items, including changes to the technical status document and deviations and out-of-tolerances that affect the technical status.
17. Technical conditions of equipment
Refers to the working capabilities of the equipment, including the status and changes of performance, accuracy, efficiency, motion parameters, safety, environmental protection, energy consumption, etc.
18. Technical conditions management of plant
By collecting, analyzing and processing information on changes in the technical status of equipment through inspection and monitoring, functional failures and malfunctions of equipment can be discovered or predicted early, and maintenance or replacement measures can be taken in a timely manner to ensure that the equipment is in good technical condition.
19. Equipment condition monitoring and diagnostic technology management
For running equipment, various means and human five senses are used to collect data and signals, analyze and determine the equipment degradation trend and fault location and cause, predict changes and developments, propose preventive measures, prevent and control the occurrence of prominent faults, and provide a reliable basis for equipment status maintenance.
20. Configuration status accounting
The formal record and report of the established technical status documentation, the status of proposed changes, and the implementation status of approved changes.
21. Permanently installed system
This type of system is a permanent safety system of sensors, signal adapters, data processing and data storage devices. Data acquisition can be continuous or periodic. Permanent safety systems are usually used for expensive and critical machines or machines that are subject to complex monitoring tasks.
22. Semi-permanent
Semi-permanent systems are a cross between permanent and portable systems. In this type of system, the sensors are usually permanent, while the data acquisition components are intermittently connected.
23. The portable monitoring system
Portable monitoring systems are similar in function to “continuous” on-line systems, but are less labor intensive and less expensive. For this configuration, data is recorded automatically or manually periodically using a portable data logger. Portable monitoring systems are more commonly used to manually record measurements periodically at intervals at pre-selected locations on the machine. Data is usually entered and stored on the portable data logger locally, allowing for immediate, initial, cursory analysis. However, for more in-depth processing and analysis, the data needs to be downloaded to a computer with appropriate software.
24. Attenuation
Usually refers to the reduction in signal strength due to the distance the signal travels or the density of the medium through which it passes.
25. Background noise
Unwanted noise that appears in a signal and cannot be attributed to a specific cause.
The ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value that a sensor or analyzer can detect.
Note: Dynamic range is usually expressed in decibels. The decibel is 20 times the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value.
26. Thermography
By using an infrared imager, the infrared energy radiated by the target surface is measured and the result is converted into an equivalent surface temperature. The temperature change can be measured at a long distance without contacting the target.
27. Temperature difference
The difference in surface temperature between different devices under test or different parts of the same device under test.
28. Relative temperature difference
The percentage of the difference in temperature rise between two corresponding measuring points to the temperature rise of the higher temperature point.
29. Turboelectric noise
Noise caused in a shielded cable due to bending or movement of the cable.
30. Feature
A data item derived from raw or processed parameters or external observations.
31. Off line
(Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics) Periodic or intermittent data collection.
32. On line
(Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics) Continuous data collection.
33. Signal-to-noise ratio
The ratio of the peak value of a wave to the peak value of its background noise
Note: The signal-to-noise ratio is usually expressed in decibels (dB).
34. Baseline
A descriptor or set of descriptors that provides a baseline of the normal state of a machine under various processes.
Note: The baseline is easily determined at the steady-state state parameters of the machine. Even if the process state is steady-state. However, the state of the machine may change due to changes in certain state parameters (such as temperature).
35. Special equipment
Refers to boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders, the same below), pressure pipelines, elevators, lifting machinery, etc. that involve life safety and are relatively dangerous. Special equipment includes its attached safety accessories, safety protection devices and facilities related to safety protection devices.
36. Boiler
It refers to a closed device that uses various fuels, electricity or other energy sources to heat the liquid contained to certain parameters and bear a certain pressure. Its scope is specified as a pressure steam boiler with a volume greater than or equal to 30L; a pressure hot water boiler with an outlet water pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) and a rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW; an organic heat carrier boiler.
37. Pressure vessel
It refers to a sealed device that contains gas or liquid and bears a certain pressure. Its scope is specified as classical containers and mobile containers for gases, liquefied gases, and liquids with a maximum working temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, with a maximum working pressure greater than or equal to 0.1Mpa (gauge pressure) and a product of pressure and volume greater than or equal to 2.5Mpa•L.
38. Pressure conduit
It refers to tubular equipment used to transport gas or liquid under a certain pressure. Its scope is specified as gas, liquefied gas, steam medium with a maximum working pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure), or flammable, inflammable, toxic, corrosive liquid medium with a maximum working temperature greater than or equal to the standard boiling point, and the nominal diameter is greater than or equal to 50mm.
39. Elevator
It refers to power-driven electromechanical equipment that uses a box running along a rigid guide rail or a ladder (step) running along a fixed line to lift or transport people and goods in parallel, including passenger (cargo) elevators, escalators, moving walkways, etc.
40. Hoisting machinery
It refers to electromechanical equipment used for vertical lifting or vertical lifting and horizontal movement of heavy objects. Its scope stipulates that the lifting capacity is greater than or equal to 0.5t; cranes with a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 1t and a prompt height greater than or equal to 2m, and electric hoists with fixed load-bearing forms, etc.
41. Non-destructive test(NDT)
There are many methods to inspect internal and surface defects without damaging the material. Common methods include acoustic emission testing, ultrasonic testing, electromagnetic testing, etc.
42. Operational reliability
The reliability of equipment when used in an actual environment reflects the combined impact of factors such as equipment design, manufacturing, use, maintenance, and environment.
43. Availability
The degree to which equipment is in a working or usable condition when it is required and begins to perform the task at any given moment.
44. Operation specification of equipment
Refers to the technical specifications for operators to correctly master the operating skills. Its content is to stipulate the matters, procedures and actions that operators must comply with during the entire operation process based on the structural and operating characteristics of the equipment and the requirements for safe operation. Its contents include requirements for site cleaning and equipment status inspection before operation; equipment operation process parameters; operating procedure requirements; inspection, maintenance, lubrication and other requirements. Generally refers to the procedures or steps that relevant personnel must follow when operating equipment or handling business, which are formulated by professionals to ensure that production and work can operate safely, stably and effectively.
45. Operation license
A certificate that allows an operator to operate a certain type of equipment after undergoing professional technical training and passing an examination by the competent authority.
46. Operation record of equipment
The operation and usage of equipment is recorded in the form of logs, weekly reports or monthly reports on a daily, weekly or monthly basis.
47. Servicing
Measures taken to keep the equipment in a specified state (performance).
Note: “Maintenance” can be replaced by other words, such as “maintenance”.
48. Equipment service, maintenance
Technical management measures are taken according to the pre-specified plan or the corresponding technical conditions to prevent equipment performance degradation or reduce the probability of equipment failure. Its role is to delay the reduction of equipment working capacity and keep the equipment in good technical condition.
49. Equipment service specification
Requirements and regulations for daily equipment maintenance. The main contents include: equipment must be neat, clean, lubricated, fastened, corrosion-resistant and safe; regular inspection and evaluation of equipment maintenance activities, etc.
50. Plant good condition
Equipment in good condition means that the equipment meets the specified functions and is in good technical condition.
Note: There are three requirements for good equipment:
1) The equipment has good performance, such as the precision of mechanical processing equipment meets the process requirements; the function of power equipment meets the original design or specified standards, and there is no over-temperature, over-pressure and other phenomena during operation;
2) The equipment operates normally, the parts are complete, the safety protection devices are in good condition, the mode and corrosion degree do not exceed the specified standards, and the control system, metering instruments, instruments and lubrication systems work normally;
3) The consumption of raw materials, fuel, lubricating oil, kinetic energy, etc. is normal, there is basically no oil leakage, water leakage, air leakage (steam leakage), leakage of electricity, and the appearance is clean and tidy.
51. Machine contracting system
The use and daily maintenance of the equipment are contracted out to the operators in the form of a contract. The double package system developed on the basis of the package mechanism is that the operator and the maintenance personnel sign a “double package contract” and are jointly responsible for managing, using and modifying the equipment.